Biosensors Based on Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors for HLA and MICA Antibody Detection in Kidney Transplantation

Abstract

This work demonstrates the ability of the Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET)-based immunosensor to detect antibodies against the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the major histocompatibility complex class-I-related chain A (MICA). The sensing membrane of the ISFET devices was modified and functionalized using an APTES-GA strategy. Surface properties, including wettability, surface thickness, and surface topology, were assessed in each module of the modification process. The optimal concentrations of HLA and MICA proteins for the immobilization were 10 and 50 μg/mL. The dose-response curve showed a detection range of 1.98–40 µg/mL for anti-HLA and 5.17–40 µg/mL for anti-MICA. The analytical precision (%CV) was found to be 10.69% and 8.92% for anti-HLA and -MICA, respectively. Moreover, the electrical signal obtained from the irrelevant antibody was considerably different from that of the specific antibodies, indicating the specific binding of the relevant antibodies without noise interference. The sensitivity and specificity in the experimental setting were established for both antibodies (anti-HLA: sensitivity = 80.00%, specificity = 86.36%; anti-MICA: sensitivity = 86.67%, specificity = 88.89%). Our data reveal the potential of applying the ISFET-based immunosensor to the detection of relevant anti-HLA and -MICA antibodies, especially in the field of kidney transplantation.

Review–Silicon Based ISFETs: Architecture, Fabrication Process, Sensing Membrane, and Spatial Variation

“…Theoretical sensitivities for HfO 2 and ZrO 2 in the pH range of 5 to 9 were 57.1 mV/pH and 58.61 mV/pH, respectively. These values were found using R. E. G. Van 153 demonstrated the ability of the ISFET-based immunosensor to identify antibodies against the major histocompatibility complex Class-I-related Chain A (MICA) and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (Figure 6). Using a 3aminopropyl-triethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde (APTES-GA) method, the sensing membrane was altered and functionalized, and surface characteristics such as surface topology, wettability, and surface thickness were assessed during the modification process.…”