Biosensors Incorporating Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Abstract

This article presents a review of electrochemical bio-sensing for target analytes based on the use of electrocatalytic bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), which can improve both the sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors. The review moves quickly from an introduction to the field of bio-sensing, to the importance of biosensors in today’s society, the nature of the electrochemical methods employed and the attendant problems encountered. The role of electrocatalysts is introduced with reference to the three generations of biosensors. The contributions made by previous workers using bimetallic constructs, grouped by target analyte, are then examined in detail; following which, the synthesis and characterization of the catalytic particles is examined prior to a summary of the current state of endeavor. Finally, some perspectives for the future of bimetallic NPs in biosensors are given.

Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Enhanced Magnetic and Optical Properties for Emerging Biological Applications

“…A biosensor is a device that provides qualitative and quantitative information about the chemical composition of the molecules in which the sensor is situated [156]. Plasmonic bimetallic nanoparticles have been used for biomolecular analyte detection based on their unique optical properties, including LSPR (vide supra).…”

Activity of Atomically Precise Titania Nanoparticles in CO Oxidation

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Understanding the property evolution of atomically precise nanoparticles atom by atom along the sizecontinuum is critical for selecting potential candidates to assemble nanomaterials with desired functionality,b ut it is very challenging experimentally especially for systems having mixtures of elements such as metal oxides.I nt his work, the capability to oxidize carbon monoxide has been measured experimentally for titania nanocluster anions of (TiO 2 ) n O m À (À3 m 3) across ab road size range in the gas phase.S toichiometric (TiO 2 ) n O À exhibits superior oxidative activity over other clusters of (TiO 2 ) n O m À (m ¼ 6 1) even when the cluster dimensions are scaled up to n = 60, indicating that each atom still influences the chemical behavior of titania nanoparticles composed of % 180 atoms.T he fascinating result not only identifies ap romising building blocko fT i n O 2n+1 for devising new nanoscale titania materials with desirable oxidative activity,but also provides compelling molecular-level evidence for the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism of CO oxidation over titania supports.Nanostructured materials have drawn increasing interest due to their potential applications in various fields such as catalysis, [1] sensors, [2] plasmonics, [3] and biomedicine. [4] The physical and chemical behavior of nanoparticles and nanoclusters is generally size-and composition-dependent. [5] The ability to tailor the nanoparticles at an atomic level is of crucial importance for uncovering promising candidates for the assembly of new materials with specific functionalities.T o date,a tomically precise metallic nanoparticles have been synthesized in solution and in the gas phase, [5,6] allowing for the accurate determination of their structure-property correlations.I nc ontrast, the information about atomically precise metal oxide nanoparticles is rather limited [7] despite the widespread use of metal oxides owing to their catalytic, magnetic, and other properties.Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )i so ne of the most widely used metal oxide catalysts and catalyst supports for diverse reactions including CO oxidation, [8] water splitting, [9] and pollutants degradation.

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Design and Electrochemical Study of Platinum-Based Nanomaterials for Sensitive Detection of Nitric Oxide in Biomedical Applications

“…The chemical composition, surface condition, crystal structure quality, crystallographic axis orientation, etc. are acute parameters of Pt nanomaterials that cumulatively influence electron transport mechanisms [34,35,36]. The use of Pt-based nanocomposites in sensors may serve as one effective strategy toward the augmentation of their electronic, chemical, and electrochemical properties [17,36,37,38,39].…”