Biosensors—Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Bollella, Paolo; Katz, Evgeny

doi:10.3390/s20226645

Cited by 51 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…For instance, large quantities of dioxins present in the air affect the immune and endocrine system as well as are carcinogenic to human health. Therefore, enzyme-incorporated hybrid nanomaterials have been used as toxic gas sensors (e.g., phenolic compounds and hydrogen peroxide) to detect and eliminate them (Bollella & Katz, 2020).…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancements in enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials: Synthesis, mechanistic formation, and applications

Anboo

Lau

Kansedo

et al. 2022

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Over the past decade, nanotechnology has been developed and employed across various entities. Among the numerous nanostructured material types, enzymeincorporated nanomaterials have shown great potential in various fields, as an alternative to biologically derived as well as synthetically developed hybrid structures. The mechanism of incorporating enzyme onto a nanostructure depends on several factors including the method of immobilization, type of nanomaterial, as well as operational and environmental conditions. The prospects of enzymeincorporated nanomaterials have shown promising results across various applications, such as biocatalysts, biosensors, drug therapy, and wastewater treatment. This is due to their excellent ability to exhibit chemical and physical properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, recovery and/or reusability rates, sensitivity, response scale, and stable catalytic activity across wide operating conditions. In this review, the evolution of enzyme-incorporated nanomaterials along with their impact on our society due to its state-of-the-art properties, and its significance across different industrial applications are discussed. In addition, the weakness and future prospects of enzyme-incorporated nanomaterials were also discussed to guide scientists for futuristic research and development in this field.

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Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancements in enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials: Synthesis, mechanistic formation, and applications

Anboo

Lau

Kansedo

et al. 2022

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…In particular, physiological conditions and mild temperatures are suitable for BFCs, whereas fuel cells normally operate under severe conditions and high temperatures. In addition, biofuel cells can be miniaturized and adapted to medical applications, including implanted power systems [ 6 ], tattoo sensors [ 7 , 8 ], and wearable biosensors [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Sensitive Self-Powered Glucose Biosensor Based on an Enzymatic Biofuel Cell

et al. 2021

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Biofuel cells allow for constructing sensors that leverage the specificity of enzymes without the need for an external power source. In this work, we design a self-powered glucose sensor based on a biofuel cell. The redox enzymes glucose dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were immobilized as biocatalysts on the electrodes, which were previously engineered using carbon nanostructures, including multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Additional polymers were also introduced to improve biocatalyst immobilization. The reported design offers three main advantages: (i) by using glucose as the substrate for the both anode and cathode, a more compact and robust design is enabled, (ii) the system operates under air-saturating conditions, with no need for gas purge, and (iii) the combination of carbon nanostructures and a multi-enzyme cascade maximizes the sensitivity of the biosensor. Our design allows the reliable detection of glucose in the range of 0.1–7.0 mM, which is perfectly suited for common biofluids and industrial food samples.

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“…Practical limitations to the introduction of biosensors include the market need for sensors to detect a specific analyte, advantages of biosensor technology relative to current methods such as enzymelinked (ELISA) and lateral flow immunoassays, and the cost and ease of manufacturing [9]. Scientific and engineering challenges that have attracted recent interest include non-specific adsorption from complex sample matrices; flexible materials for wearable devices; device miniaturization; incorporation of membrane proteins, nanomaterials and two-dimensional materials; and attaining the exquisite sensitivity needed for detection of DNA [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate Materials for Biomolecular Immobilization within Electrochemical Biosensors

Suni

2021

Biosensors

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Electrochemical biosensors have potential applications for agriculture, food safety, environmental monitoring, sports medicine, biomedicine, and other fields. One of the primary challenges in this field is the immobilization of biomolecular probes atop a solid substrate material with adequate stability, storage lifetime, and reproducibility. This review summarizes the current state of the art for covalent bonding of biomolecules onto solid substrate materials. Early research focused on the use of Au electrodes, with immobilization of biomolecules through ω-functionalized Au-thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), but stability is usually inadequate due to the weak Au–S bond strength. Other noble substrates such as C, Pt, and Si have also been studied. While their nobility has the advantage of ensuring biocompatibility, it also has the disadvantage of making them relatively unreactive towards covalent bond formation. With the exception of Sn-doped In2O3 (indium tin oxide, ITO), most metal oxides are not electrically conductive enough for use within electrochemical biosensors. Recent research has focused on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2 and on electrically conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene. In addition, the deposition of functionalized thin films from aryldiazonium cations has attracted significant attention as a substrate-independent method for biofunctionalization.

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Biosensors—Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Abstract: Biosensors are analytical devices that are able to convert a biological response into an electrical signal [...]

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Recent advancements in enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials: Synthesis, mechanistic formation, and applications

Recent advancements in enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials: Synthesis, mechanistic formation, and applications

Development of a Sensitive Self-Powered Glucose Biosensor Based on an Enzymatic Biofuel Cell

Substrate Materials for Biomolecular Immobilization within Electrochemical Biosensors

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