Biostratigraphy of modern (Holocene and Late Pleistocene) sediment cores from the Makassar straits

Morley, Robert J.; Morley, Harsanti P.; Wonders, A.A.H.; Sukarno, Sukarno; Kaars, Sander van der

doi:10.29118/ipa.2491.361.371

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Based on our reinterpretation of recent data (26), a likely vegetation type for the former soils of the submerged Sunda Shelf would have been heath forest on welldrained sandy soils, with kerapah peat swamps on poorly drained interfluves, and with herb-dominated swamp vegetation for areas that experienced some degree of climatic seasonality to the north, e.g., in the vicinity of Natuna. The region of the Java sea is more likely to have borne seasonal climate vegetation based on the palynological record from the southern part of the Makassar Straits, which shows the presence of widespread grass-dominated vegetation throughout the last glacial period (marine isotope stages 2-4, 16-74 ka) with extensive burning, as shown by charcoal records, from ∼16 to 37 ka (27,28). Heath forests and kerapah peats in the equatorial region between Sumatra and Borneo, herbaceous swamps in low-lying areas of the Natuna -40 m -120 m Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia

Slik

Aiba

Bastian

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The marked biogeographic difference between western (Malay Peninsula and Sumatra) and eastern (Borneo) Sundaland is surprising given the long time that these areas have formed a single landmass. A dispersal barrier in the form of a dry savanna corridor during glacial maxima has been proposed to explain this disparity. However, the short duration of these dry savanna conditions make it an unlikely sole cause for the biogeographic pattern. An additional explanation might be related to the coarse sandy soils of central Sundaland. To test these two nonexclusive hypotheses, we performed a floristic cluster analysis based on 111 tree inventories from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. We then identified the indicator genera for clusters that crossed the central Sundaland biogeographic boundary and those that did not cross and tested whether drought and coarse-soil tolerance of the indicator genera differed between them. We found 11 terminal floristic clusters, 10 occurring in Borneo, 5 in Sumatra, and 3 in Peninsular Malaysia. Indicator taxa of clusters that occurred across Sundaland had significantly higher coarse-soil tolerance than did those from clusters that occurred east or west of central Sundaland. For drought tolerance, no such pattern was detected. These results strongly suggest that exposed sandy sea-bed soils acted as a dispersal barrier in central Sundaland. However, we could not confirm the presence of a savanna corridor. This finding makes it clear that proposed biogeographic explanations for plant and animal distributions within Sundaland, including possible migration routes for early humans, need to be reevaluated.climate change | human migration | plant distribution | sea-level change

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia

Slik

Aiba

Bastian

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…At times of low sea level, the region was drier, as shown from pollen records from South Kalimantan (Kershaw et al . 2001, Morley 1981), South Sulawesi (Morley et al 2004), North Sulawesi (Dam et al . 2001), South Sumatra (van der Kaars et al 2010), Java (van der Kaars & Dam 1995) and Thailand (Yang & Grote 2017), and elevations of altitudinal boundaries lower (Flenley 1984, Morley 2018).…”

Section: Quaternary Climate Change and Sea Level Oscillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly and division of the South and South-East Asian flora in relation to tectonics and climate change

2018

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Abstract:The main phases of plant dispersal into, and out of the South-East Asian region are discussed in relation to plate tectonics and changing climates. The South-East Asian area was a backwater of angiosperm evolution until the collision of the Indian Plate with Asia during the early Cenozoic. The Late Cretaceous remains poorly understood, but the Paleocene topography was mountainous, and the climate was probably seasonally dry, with the result that frost-tolerant conifers were common in upland areas and a low-diversity East Asian aspect flora occurred at low altitudes. India's drift into the perhumid low latitudes during the Eocene brought opportunities for the dispersal into South-East Asia of diverse groups of megathermal angiosperms which originated in West Gondwana. They successfully dispersed and became established across the South-East Asian region, initially carried by wind or birds, beginning at about 49 Ma, and with a terrestrial connection after about 41 Ma. Many Paleocene lineages probably went extinct, but a few dispersed in the opposite direction into India. The Oligocene was a time of seasonally dry climates except along the eastern and southern seaboard of Sundaland, but with the collision of the Australian Plate with Sunda at the end of the Oligocene widespread perhumid conditions became established across the region. The uplift of the Himalaya, coinciding with the middle Miocene thermal maximum, created opportunities for South-East Asian evergreen taxa to disperse into north India, and then with the late Miocene strengthening of the Indian monsoon, seasonally dry conditions expanded across India and Indochina, resulting eventually in the disappearance of closed forest over much of the Indian peninsula. This drying affected Sunda, but it is thought unlikely that a ‘savanna’ corridor was present across Sunda during the Pleistocene. Some dispersals from Australasia occurred following its collision with Sunda and following the uplift of New Guinea and the islands of Wallacea, Gondwanan montane taxa also found their way into the region. Phases of uplift across the Sunda region created opportunities for allopatric speciation and further dispersal opportunities. There is abundant evidence to suggest that the Pleistocene refuge theory applies to the South-East Asian region.

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“…The Mahakam River catchment occupies a rainforest refuge area (Morley et al, 2004). The Mahakam River catchment occupies a rainforest refuge area (Morley et al, 2004).…”

Section: Trends In Rainforest Diversity Based On the Palynological Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regional signi®cance of the Banda Sea record is demonstrated by its remarkable similarity to a recent record from core MD98-2175 in the adjacent Aru Sea (van der Kaars, new data). Wet conditions and the maintenance of near-continuous rainforest are certainly evident in some areasÐsuch as highland New Guinea (Walker and and much of the island of Borneo (Anshari et al, 2004;Morley et al, 2004) during the last glacial period, including the Last Glacial Maximum. Highest rainforest and pteridophyte values occur during interglacials, indicating that they were much wetter than glacial periods.…”

Section: The Later Pleistocenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palynological signals from such sections, albeit on a dierent timescale, can be compared with those seen in Late Quaternary deep-sea cores, such as the Lombok Ridge core G6-4 from Indonesia reported by van der Kaars (1991), Papalang-10 core oshore Mahakam Delta by Morley et al (2004) Niger Delta core GIK 16856 by Dupont and Weinelt (1996), Amazon Fan ODP Leg 155 cores by Haberle (1997), Malin (1998), andHoorn (1997). Palynological signals from such sections, albeit on a dierent timescale, can be compared with those seen in Late Quaternary deep-sea cores, such as the Lombok Ridge core G6-4 from Indonesia reported by van der Kaars (1991), Papalang-10 core oshore Mahakam Delta by Morley et al (2004) Niger Delta core GIK 16856 by Dupont and Weinelt (1996), Amazon Fan ODP Leg 155 cores by Haberle (1997), Malin (1998), andHoorn (1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change

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2007

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Biostratigraphy of modern (Holocene and Late Pleistocene) sediment cores from the Makassar straits

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia

Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia

Assembly and division of the South and South-East Asian flora in relation to tectonics and climate change

Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change

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