Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using ginger spent and their antibacterial activity

Abstract

Ginger spent is the byproduct of spice industries that remove the essential oils of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for food industry and medicinal purposes. Ginger is a well known spice used often for seasoning in Indian cuisine. The de-oiled ginger has no specific use mostly goes to waste. Hence, we utilized this industrial waste product in the efficient synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the aid of UV irradiation from a solution of 1mM silver nitrate and spent extract in the ratio 9:1. Immediate colour change from pale yellow to dark brown was noted indicating the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were centrifuged, dried and well characterized. UV Vis Spectroscopy, XRD analysis, Zeta potential and SEM analysis was carried out. It was commendable that the size of the nanoparticles fell well within the upper limit of 100nm. Agar well diffusion method was used to screen the antimicrobial activity of the well characterized silver nanoparticles. They were tested against seven pathogenic strains of three gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) three gram positive bacteria(Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis) and a fungus (Candida albicans). It was seen that the zone of inhibition(ZOI) in well plate method increased on increasing the concentration of silver nanoparticles. Further studies could lead to the application of these silver nanoparticles in medicine.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using Achillea maritima subsp. maritima Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens

“…Moreover, a single SPR band in the range of 300 to 700 nm corresponds to the spherical shape of the nanoparticles, as previously reported [53]. The same peak at 420 nm was previously observed for AgNPs from de-oiled Zingiber officinalis and AgChem [54,55]. A single peak ranging from 420 nm to 470 nm was also observed for silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) [56].…”

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ginger-Derived Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities

“…The optimal concentrations of the extract and AgNO3 (1 mg ginger extract in 1 mL of 1 M AgNO3 at 80 °C for 6 h) ensured sufficiently low polydispersity index of the AgNPs and pH 6 yielded the highest quantity of nanoparticles. The formation of NPs was evident by the change in color from pale yellow to dark brown, followed by additional characterization as reported earlier by Garg et al [34], Ganesan et al [35], Plaeyao et al [36], Prasad et al [37], and Mahardika et al [13], where the reaction temperature and time, and the concentration of AgNO3 are known to influence the shape and size of the ensuing NPs.…”

“…UV-visible absorption spectra showed a single, prominent broad surface plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm indicating the synthesis of AgNPs (Figure 3). This feature could be attributed to the presence of spherical NPs as indicated in previous studies [18,35]. Yadav et al [38] reported that the plasmon resonance band at 420 nm supported the reduction of AgNO 3 to AgNP.…”

“…The antibacterial activity of green synthesized ginger nanoparticles has also been studied earlier [25,33,47]. The enhanced antibacterial activity of AgNPs is due to the disruption of the bacterial membrane which was because of the synergistic effect of silver and plant antioxidants, and which can be exploited against multidrug-resistant bacteria as reported by Ganesan et al [35]. Taken together, it can be concluded that AgNPs are capable of imparting high antibacterial efficacy and can offer an advantage in broad-spectrum antibacterial and anticancer drug preparation, and also in nanomedicine, as corroborated by Plaeyao et al [36] and Swapna et al [48].…”