Objective: This study was designed to determine the total phenol, flavonoid content, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging properties of different solvent extracts of Piper umbellatum.Methods: Different solvent extracts evaluated with 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power activity. Results:The presence of phenol and flavonoid showed highly in the methanol extracts than ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. All the extracts have various level of antioxidant activity. Methanol solvent extract has good extraction and shows significant antioxidant activity. The effect of reducing the power of methanol extract found good antioxidant activity compared with other tested solvent extracts. Conclusion:On the basis of the above results, we concluded that methanol extract of P. umbellatum whole plant extracts shows a significant antioxidant activity than ethyl acetate and acetone extracts.

Ginger spent is the byproduct of spice industries that remove the essential oils of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for food industry and medicinal purposes. Ginger is a well known spice used often for seasoning in Indian cuisine. The de-oiled ginger has no specific use mostly goes to waste. Hence, we utilized this industrial waste product in the efficient synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the aid of UV irradiation from a solution of 1mM silver nitrate and spent extract in the ratio 9:1. Immediate colour change from pale yellow to dark brown was noted indicating the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were centrifuged, dried and well characterized. UV Vis Spectroscopy, XRD analysis, Zeta potential and SEM analysis was carried out. It was commendable that the size of the nanoparticles fell well within the upper limit of 100nm. Agar well diffusion method was used to screen the antimicrobial activity of the well characterized silver nanoparticles. They were tested against seven pathogenic strains of three gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) three gram positive bacteria(Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis) and a fungus (Candida  albicans). It was seen that the zone of inhibition(ZOI) in well plate method  increased on increasing the concentration of silver nanoparticles. Further studies could lead to the application of these silver nanoparticles in medicine.

Impatiens courtallensis, a new species from Tamil Nadu, India is newly described and illustrated. This species is characterized by having typical opposite deccusate leaves, minute flower (≤4mm across), milky white, boat shaped lower sepal with outwardly curved tip, minute spur, seeds with prominent caruncle and typical squarish pollengrains. This combination of characters makes determining the relationships of I. courtallensis difficult.

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