Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Ethylene

McKeon, Thomas A.; Yang, Shang-Fa

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3585-3_6

Cited by 83 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The dependence of EFE activity on growth phase (Fig. 3) may be influenced by a (20,21), and several workers have suggested that the enzyme is membrane bound (8,(22)(23)(24). In vivo systems are characterized by high stereoselectivity for the trans isomer of the ACC analogue AEC (25 (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a tomato gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme by expression in yeast.

Hamilton

Bouzayen

Grierson

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

144

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a tomato gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme by expression in yeast.

Hamilton

Bouzayen

Grierson

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

144

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“…Blocking the ethylene perception by 1-MCP almost completely inhibited auxin-or root separation-induced root hair formation and expression of AtEXP7 and AtEXP18 (Figures 5 and 6). Auxin and certain biotic/abiotic factors, such as pathogens, wounding, chilling, hypoxia, and water stress, are well-known stimulators of ethylene biosynthesis (McKeon et al, 1995). Localized water stress could develop in the root when it is separated from the agar medium or exposed to air, a treatment that is known to stimulate root hair elongation (Okada and Shimura, 1994).…”

Section: Ethylene and Root Hair Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Root Hair Initiation and Expansin Gene Expression in Arabidopsis[W]

2002

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The expression of two Arabidopsis expansin genes ( AtEXP7 and AtEXP18 ) is tightly linked to root hair initiation; thus, the regulation of these genes was studied to elucidate how developmental, hormonal, and environmental factors orchestrate root hair formation. Exogenous ethylene and auxin, as well as separation of the root from the medium, stimulated root hair formation and the expression of these expansin genes. The effects of exogenous auxin and root separation on root hair formation required the ethylene signaling pathway. By contrast, blocking the endogenous ethylene pathway, either by genetic mutations or by a chemical inhibitor, did not affect normal root hair formation and expansin gene expression. These results indicate that the normal developmental pathway for root hair formation (i.e., not induced by external stimuli) is independent of the ethylene pathway. Promoter analyses of the expansin genes show that the same promoter elements that determine cell specificity also determine inducibility by ethylene, auxin, and root separation. Our study suggests that two distinctive signaling pathways, one developmental and the other environmental/ hormonal, converge to modulate the initiation of the root hair and the expression of its specific expansin gene set.

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“…We also examined several compounds, 2,4-dichloranisole (DCA), maleic hydrazide, transcinnamic acid, 3-indole-3-butyric acid (3-IBA), and 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-indole-3-butyric acid (TFIBA) that were reported or proposed to have an auxin antagonistic activity (van Overbeek et al, 1951;Leopold and Klein, 1952;MacRae and Bonner, 1953;Katayama et al, 1995;Tomic et al, 1998), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a precursor of ethylene (McKeon et al, 1995). Among these compounds, 50 m TFIBA effectively and 100 m trans-cinnamic acid slightly inhibited BA::GUS expression induced by 1 m NAA (data not shown).…”

Section: Pcib Impairs Auxin-induced Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric Acid Impairs Auxin Response in Arabidopsis Root

et al. 2003

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p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) is known as a putative antiauxin and is widely used to inhibit auxin action, although the mechanism of PCIB-mediated inhibition of auxin action is not characterized very well at the molecular level. In the present work, we showed that PCIB inhibited BA::␤-glucuronidase (GUS) expression induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. PCIB also inhibited auxin-dependent DR5::GUS expression. RNA hybridization and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses suggested that PCIB reduced auxin-induced accumulation of transcripts of Aux/IAA genes. In addition, PCIB relieved the reduction of GUS activity in HS::AXR3NT-GUS transgenic line in which auxin inhibits GUS activity by promoting degradation of the AXR3NT-GUS fusion protein. Physiological analysis revealed that PCIB inhibited lateral root production, gravitropic response of roots, and growth of primary roots. These results suggest that PCIB impairs auxin-signaling pathway by regulating Aux/IAA protein stability and thereby affects the auxin-regulated Arabidopsis root physiology.The plant hormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]) plays an important role in every aspect of plant growth and development (Thimann, 1977; Davies, 1995). Despite its physiological significance, the molecular mechanism of auxin action is not fully understood yet. One of the earliest events in the auxin action involves the changing of expression pattern of some specific genes with a lag period of 5 to 30 min (Abel and Theologis, 1996). Auxin-dependent degradation of Aux/IAA proteins is a key event for early auxin-dependent gene induction (Leyser, 2002). Aux/IAA proteins interact with auxin response factors (ARFs) that bind to auxin-responsive elements (AuxREs) in the auxin-responsive promoters (Guilfoyle, 1998). Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived proteins, and their stability is regulated by auxin through the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway (Leyser, 2002). In the absence of auxin, large amounts of Aux/IAA proteins are present, bind to ARFs, and prevent ARFs to activate transcription of auxin-induced genes from AuxREs. In the presence of auxin, degradation of Aux/IAA proteins is promoted, and then ARF proteins are released from Aux/IAA proteins and activate transcription of auxin-responsive genes (Tiwari et al., 2003). Although detailed molecular mechanism of the role of ARF and Aux/IAA proteins and their regulation has been revealed in these recent years, the mechanisms of the very early step of auxin signaling, i.e. how auxin is recognized by plant cell and how ubiquitin proteolysis system is activated, still remains unknown (Benfey, 2002).p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), also called ␣-(4-chlorophenoxy) isobutyric acid, 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid, or clofibric acid, has been most widely used to inhibit auxin action (e.g. Kim et al., 2000;Xie et al., 2000). Because of the structural similarity of PCIB with a synthetic auxin 4-chlorophenoxyac...

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Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Ethylene

Cited by 83 publications

References 49 publications

Identification of a tomato gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme by expression in yeast.

Identification of a tomato gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme by expression in yeast.

Regulation of Root Hair Initiation and Expansin Gene Expression in Arabidopsis[W]

p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric Acid Impairs Auxin Response in Arabidopsis Root

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