Biosynthesis of Extremolytes: Radiation Resistance and Biotechnological Implications

Copeland, Erin; Choy, Nicholas; Gabani, Prashant; Singh, Om V.

doi:10.1002/9781118394144.ch15

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The prolonged exposure of UVR in certain microorganisms may develop stable change to their genome creating resistance by modifying their metabolic profile to thrive under a high‐energy environment such as UVR. The UVR‐resistant microorganisms have shown tremendous stable biotechnological implications . Various extremophiles, especially thermophiles, have also gained momentum in the bioenergy sector for the production of thermostable cellulose‐degrading enzymes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UVR‐resistant microorganisms were isolated from soil samples collected at the Tracy Ridge recreation area, 2,245 ft. above sea level, in the Allegheny National Forest of northwestern Pennsylvania, in the month of August, as described by Copeland et al . Briefly, the microorganisms present in soil samples (1 g) were enriched aerobically in wide‐mouthed glass bowls (105 × 40 mm 2 ) containing 50 mL nutrient broth (NB) medium, at 32°C, under germicidal UV light subtype C (UVC) at an intensity of 9.5 W/m 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultraviolet‐radiation‐resistant isolates revealed cellulose‐degrading species of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans (UVP1) and Bacillus pumilus (UVP4)

Gabani

Copeland

Chandel

et al. 2012

Biotech and App Biochem

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Abstract.Among extremophiles, microorganisms resistant to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been known to produce a variety of metabolites (i.e., extremolytes). We hypothesized that natural microbial flora on elevated land (hills) would reveal a variety of UVR-resistant extremophiles and polyextremophiles with modulated proteins and enzymes that had biotechnological implications. Microorganisms Cellulosimicrobium cellulans UVP1 and Bacillus pumilus UVP4 were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing, and showed extreme UV resistance (1.03 × 10 6 and 1.71 × 10 5 J/m 2 , respectively) from elevated land soil samples along with unique patterns of protein expression under UVR and non-UVR. A broad range of cellulolytic activity on carboxymethyl cellulose agar plates in C. cellulans UVP1 and B. pumilus UVP4 was revealed at varying pH, temperature, and inorganic salt concentration. Further, the microbial strain B. pumilus UVP4 showed the basic characteristics of a novel group: polyextremophiles with significance in bioenergy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet‐radiation‐resistant isolates revealed cellulose‐degrading species of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans (UVP1) and Bacillus pumilus (UVP4)

Gabani

Copeland

Chandel

et al. 2012

Biotech and App Biochem

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“…The closely related term extremophiles applies to organisms, including microbes, that can sustain life in extreme environmental conditions such as hot springs, volcanic areas, the deep sea, extreme high and low temperatures ([45°C,\15°C), high pressure, high salt concentration, radiation, etc. (Mesbah and Wiegel 2008;Kumar et al 2010;Copeland et al 2012), and now high levels of antibiotics. In response to the damage caused by antibiotics, AREs are able to induce genes that modify certain proteins and enzymes toward adaptations that lead to their resistance and survival in the presence of a broad range of antibiotics (Rossolini and Thaller 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Emergence of antibiotic-resistant extremophiles (AREs)

2012

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Excessive use of antibiotics in recent years has produced bacteria that are resistant to a wide array of antibiotics. Several genetic and non-genetic elements allow microorganisms to adapt and thrive under harsh environmental conditions such as lethal doses of antibiotics. We attempt to classify these microorganisms as antibiotic-resistant extremophiles (AREs). AREs develop strategies to gain greater resistance to antibiotics via accumulation of multiple genes or plasmids that harbor genes for multiple drug resistance (MDR). In addition to their altered expression of multiple genes, AREs also survive by producing enzymes such as penicillinase that inactivate antibiotics. It is of interest to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the AREs are able to survive in the presence of wide arrays of high-dosage antibiotics. Technologically, "omics"-based approaches such as genomics have revealed a wide array of genes differentially expressed in AREs. Proteomics studies with 2DE, MALDI-TOF, and MS/MS have identified specific proteins, enzymes, and pumps that function in the adaptation mechanisms of AREs. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms develop into AREs and how "omics" approaches can identify the genetic elements of these adaptation mechanisms. These objectives will assist the development of strategies and potential therapeutics to treat outbreaks of pathogenic microorganisms in the future.

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Role of extremophiles and their extremozymes in biorefinery process of lignocellulose degradation

et al. 2021

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Biosynthesis of Extremolytes: Radiation Resistance and Biotechnological Implications

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Ultraviolet‐radiation‐resistant isolates revealed cellulose‐degrading species of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans (UVP1) and Bacillus pumilus (UVP4)

Ultraviolet‐radiation‐resistant isolates revealed cellulose‐degrading species of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans (UVP1) and Bacillus pumilus (UVP4)

Emergence of antibiotic-resistant extremophiles (AREs)

Role of extremophiles and their extremozymes in biorefinery process of lignocellulose degradation

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