Biosynthesis of Natural Products in Plants by Fungal Endophytes with an Emphasis on Swainsonine

Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.; Grum, Daniel

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04045-5_2

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…and other allied legume species being strongly correlated with the presence of a fungal endophyte, Embellisia spp. [ 50 , 51 ]. In our study, samples were fungus-free and, consequently, swainsonine was not detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral and Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Herbal Material from Two TemperateAstragalusSpecies

Butkutė

Dagilytė

Benetis

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Only a few species of the large Astragalus genus, widely used for medicinal purposes, have been thoroughly studied for phytochemical composition. The aim of our research was to investigate the rarely studied species A. glycyphyllos L. and A. cicer L. for the distribution of mineral elements and phytochemicals in whole plants at two growth stages and in morphological fractions. We also investigated the capacity of the plant extracts to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and to chelate ferrous ions. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties depended on species, maturity, and plant part. Herbal material of A. glycyphyllos was richer in Fe, total phenolics, and flavonoids, whereas extracts of A. cicer showed a higher antioxidant activity. Young plants had more isoflavones, showed greater quenching of DPPH radicals, and exhibited better mineral profiles than flowering plants. Among plant parts, leaves were the most valuable plant material according to most characteristics investigated. Isoflavone concentration in flowers was lower than in leaves and stems. None of the Astragalus samples contained detectable amounts of the alkaloid swainsonine. The study demonstrates the potential of plant material from two Astragalus species as a valuable source of iron, phenolic substances including isoflavones, free-radical scavengers, and Fe2+ chelators for pharmaceutical use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral and Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Herbal Material from Two TemperateAstragalusSpecies

Butkutė

Dagilytė

Benetis

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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“…There are also reports of a possible "learning" known as "horizontal gene transfer" between fungus and plant, which would be the ability of organisms associated with producing the same class of compounds (Cook et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have showed the anti-inflammatory potential of the crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from V. michelli (Santos et al 1996;Santos et al 2007). Thus, according Cook et al (2014), there is a big probability to find compounds with useful biological activities produced by microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols isolated from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Melanconiaceae)

et al. 2016

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Endophytic fungi are fungi that colonize internal tissues of plants. There are few studies of compounds isolated from endophytic fungi of Amazon plants. Thus, the aim this study was the isolation and structural identification of sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), sitostenone (3), squalene (4), ergosterol (5) and ergosterol peroxide (6) from fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated as endophytic from Virola michelli, a typical Amazon plant, used in folk medicine against skin infection. Compounds were isolated by chromatography column on silica and identified by 1 H and 13 C NMR and MS. The presence of phytosterols in fungi is rare and this is the first report of the isolation of the phytosterols sitosterol, stigmasterol and sitostenone from the genus Colletotrichum. KEYWORDS: Sterols, secondary metabolites, Amazon fungi. Fotoesteróis isolados do fungo endofítico Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Melanconiaceae) RESUMOFungos endofíticos são fungos que colonizam os tecidos internos das plantas. Existem poucos estudos de compostos isolados de fungos endofíticos de plantas da Amazônia. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi o isolamento e identificação estrutural de sitosterol (1), estigmasterol (2), sitostenona (3), esqualeno (4), ergosterol (5) e peroxido de ergosterol (6) do fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolado como endofítico de Virola michelli, uma planta típica da Amazônia, usada na medicina popular no combate a infecções de pele. Os compostos foram isolados por cromatografia em coluna de sílica e identificados por RMN 1 H e 13 C e EM. A presença de fitoesteróis em fungos é rara e este é o primeiro relato do isolamento dos fitoesteróides sitosterol, estigmasterol e sitostenona do gêreno Colletotrichum. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Esteróides, metabolitos secundários, fungos da Amazônia. (Melanconiaceae) Phytosterols isolated from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

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“…However, it is now widely regarded that the majority of secondary metabolites generated by plants, derive either directly, or indirectly from endophytic associations be they past or present. 117, 118 With this idea in mind, it is interesting to note that a truly remarkable number of new “plant-derived” NP structures are reported annually though the symbiotic origins of such compounds may not be delineated or immediately apparent. For the purposes of this commentary we focus only on three recent contributions having to do with NPs derived from established medicinal plants and which likely are the products, ultimately, of endophytic biosynthetic machineries.…”

Section: Plant-microbe Symbiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiosis-inspired approaches to antibiotic discovery

2017

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Life on Earth is characterized by a remarkable abundance of symbiotic and highly refined relationships among life forms. Defined as any kind of close, long-term association between two organisms, symbioses can be mutualistic, commensalistic or parasitic. Historically speaking, selective pressures have shaped symbioses in which one organism (typically a bacterium or fungus) generates bioactive small molecules that impact the host (and possibly other symbionts); the symbiosis is driven fundamentally by the genetic machineries available to the small molecule producer. The human microbiome is now integral to the most recent chapter in animal-microbe symbiosis studies and plant-microbe symbioses have significantly advanced our understanding of natural products biosynthesis; this also is the case for studies of fungal-microbe symbioses. However, much less is known about microbe-microbe systems involving interspecies interactions. Microbe-derived small molecules (i.e. antibiotics and quorum sensing molecules, etc.) have been shown to regulate transcription in microbes within the same environmental niche, suggesting interspecies interactions whereas, intraspecies interactions, such as those that exploit autoinducing small molecules, also modulate gene expression based on environmental cues. We, and others, contend that symbioses provide almost unlimited opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive compounds whose activities and applications have been evolutionarily optimized. Particularly intriguing is the possibility that environmental effectors can guide laboratory expression of secondary metabolites from “orphan”, or silent, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Notably, many of the studies summarized here result from advances in “omics” technologies and highlight how symbioses have given rise to new anti-bacterial and antifungal natural products now being discovered.

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Biosynthesis of Natural Products in Plants by Fungal Endophytes with an Emphasis on Swainsonine

Cited by 5 publications

References 81 publications

Mineral and Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Herbal Material from Two TemperateAstragalusSpecies

Mineral and Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Herbal Material from Two TemperateAstragalusSpecies

Phytosterols isolated from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Melanconiaceae)

Symbiosis-inspired approaches to antibiotic discovery

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