Biosynthesis of Pullulan and Its Applications in Food and Pharmaceutical Industry

Singh, Ram Sarup; Saini, Gaganpreet K.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2214-9_24

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…Exopolysaccharide has rapidly emerged as a new and industrially important source of polymeric materials, which are gradually becoming economically competitive (Singh and Saini, 2012). Interest in the exploitation of microorganisms for production of valuable polysaccharides has greatly increased in recent years, since these biopolymers produced by a variety of microorganisms are chemically well defined and have attracted worldwide attention due to their novel and unique physical properties as bioadhesives, bioflocculants, biosorbents, gelling agents, probiotics, stabilizers, and thickeners, making them suitable for numerous commercial applications in the bionanotechnology, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, petroleum, civil construction, and environmental sectors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Rhizobia Species

Castellane

Otoboni

Lemos

2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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increasing attention has been given, over the past decades, to the production of exopolysaccharides (eps) from rhizobia, due to their various biotechnological applications. overall characterization of biopolymers involves evaluation of their chemical, physical, and biological properties; this evaluation is a key factor in understanding their behavior in different environments, which enables researchers to foresee their potential applications. our focus was to study the eps produced by Mesorhizobium huakuii lMG14107, M. loti lMG6125, M. plurifarium lMG11892, Rhizobium giardini bv. giardini h152 t , R. mongolense lMG19141, and Sinorhizobium (= Ensifer) kostiense lMG19227 in a rdM medium with glycerol as a carbon source. these biopolymers were isolated and characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplC), fourier transform infrared (ftir), and nuclear magnetic resonance (nMr) spectroscopies. Maximum exopolysaccharide production was 3.10, 2.72, and 2.50 g l -1 for the strains LMG6125, LMG19227, and LMG19141, respectively. The purified EPS revealed prominent functional reactive groups, such as hydroxyl and carboxylic, which correspond to a typical heteropolysaccharide. the eps are composed primarily of galactose and glucose. Minor components found were rhamnose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid. indeed, from the results of techniques applied in this study, it can be noted that the eps are species-specific heteropolysaccharide polymers composed of common sugars that are substituted by non-carbohydrate moieties. in addition, analysis of these results indicates that rhizobial EPS can be classified into five groups based on ester type, as determined

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Rhizobia Species

Castellane

Otoboni

Lemos

2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…The regular alternation of a-1,4 and a-1,6 bonds results in two distinctive properties of structural flexibility and enhanced solubility. This polysaccharide is of economic importance with increased application in food, pharmaceutical, agricultural and chemical industries (Cheng et al, 2011;Singh & Saini, 2012).…”

Section: Pullulan and Its Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the pathways of pullulan biosynthesis in A. pullulan have been proposed by many researchers (Cheng et al, 2011;Singh & Saini, 2012), most of the enzymes and genes involved in pullulan biosynthesis and secretion have not been identified so far. Therefore, the pathway of pullulan biosynthesis, enzymes and genes related to its biosynthesis and secretion in A. pullulan are still very unclear.…”

Section: Pullulan and Its Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomy ofAureobasidiumspp. and biosynthesis and regulation of their extracellular polymers

Chi

Wang

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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The genus Aureobasidium spp. have been divided into three species, A. pullulans. A. leucospermi and A. proteae, and A. pullulans has been known to have five varieties. However, after analysis of many strains of this yeast isolated from different environments, they do not belong to any of the three species or the five varieties. Although pullulan produced by A. pullulans has been widely used in different fields in industry and different strains of this yeast has been known to produce poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMA), heavy oils and β-1,3-glucan, it is still unknown how the black yeast synthesizes and secretes the extracellular polymers at molecular level. In this review article, new biosynthetic pathways of pullulan, PMA and heavy oils, the enzymes and their genes related to their biosynthesis and regulation are proposed. Furthermore, some enzymes and their genes related to pullulan biosynthesis in A. pullulans have been characterized. But it is completely unknown how pullulan is secreted and how PMA, heavy oils and β-1,3-glucan are synthesized and secreted. Therefore, there is much work to be done about taxonomy and biosynthesis, secretion and regulation of pullulan, PMA, heavy oils and β-1,3-glucan at molecular levels in Aureobasidium spp.

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“…The characteristic dimeric segments of pullulan are [→x)-␣-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-␣-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→] and [→4)-␣-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-␣-d-glucopyranosyl- (1→], where x may be either 4 or 6 for the (1 → 4)-linked segment (Singh & Saini, 2012). The co-existence of ␣-(1 → 4) and ␣-(1 → 6) glycosidic linkages in the pullulan structure can be often seen as an intermediate between amylose and dextran structures, established by the appearance of a band at k = 935 cm −1 (Petrov, Shingel, Scripko, & Tsarenkov, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%