Fisheries production in India has grown tremendously with 17-fold increase from 0.75 million tons (mt) in 1950-51 to 12.60mt in 2017-18 contributing 5.3% to Agriculture GDP and supporting 15 million people for food and livelihoods. Yet, the progress stands at 10 times far behind the leading fish producer, the China. Owing to various constraints and for want of effective technologies and support mechanisms both the potential of fisheries and existing water resources have not been harnessed adequately. Modern and innovative technologies emerged from genetic engineering, biotechnology, molecular diagnostics, nanotechnology, Integrated Watershed Management (IWM), remote sensing, and GIS would help improve aquatic resources and fisheries production. The IWM has emerged as one of the effective approaches of Natural Resource Management (NRM). Huge financial outlay has been earmarked annually towards various interventions of IWM like creation of water resources and Water Harvesting Structure (WHS) executed by various ministries and departments of both State and Central governments of India. Watershed-based fisheries development delves around the perspectives of soil-water conservation, river management, fisheries development, community/stakeholders participation and human resource management. Patterns of land uses in watersheds affect downstream reaches and fisheries potential. The impacts of Land Use Land Cover Changes (LULC C) on temporal patterns in water quality and fisheries potential have been well documented. A recent study by the authors indicated that lake productivity indices including water clarity, conductivity, trophic status, and algae abundance were generally greater and altered following changes in land use patterns occurred over years. The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (ICAR-IISWC) has been advocating watershed-based fisheries development over 20 years, and identified the needed research, policy and strategies to improve fisheries production. The experiences of ICAR-IISWC on the research, technology development, demonstration and human resource development are briefed herein. The emerging nanotechnology revolutionizes whole food chain-from production to processing, storage, and development of innovative materials, structures, devices, products, systems and applications that exploit unique properties of nano-materials. Nanotechnologies seems to have immense application scope in almost all science and technology and environmental management including all fields of fisheries development, aquaculture production and water resource management. Nanotechnology finds uses starting from construction of WHS or ponds with relatively higher water holding or lower seepage loss, as feed ingredients, additives or nutrients towards improved feeds, appetites and feeding, modulators or carriers of medicines, drugs, vaccines and hormones towards disease prevention, detection, or cure, as water purifier, waste/resource recovery means helping water recycling, carriers of desirable genes or DNA segments ...