Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Malva parviflora and their antifungal activity

Abstract

Cheeseweed mallow ( Malva parviflora L.) was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were classified by UV–vis Spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The shape and size distribution were visualized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Zeta potential analysis. The chemical composition of M. parviflora leaf extract was identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). Finally, in vitro antifungal assay was done to assess the potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and crude leaf extract of M. parviflora for inhibiting the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. The UV–vis analysis manifests the formation of silver nanoparticles. FTIR analysis established that chemicals of the leaf extract stabilized the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by binding with the free silver ions. The TEM, FE-SEM and zeta potential analyzer confirmed that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were mostly spherical with an average diameter of 50.6 nm. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and leaf extract of M. parviflora effectively mitigate the mycelial growth of Helminthosporium rostratum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum , and Alternaria alternata. The maximum reduction in mycelial growth by biosynthesized nanoparticles was observed against H. rostratum (88.6%). Whereas, the leaf extract of M. parviflora was most effective against F. solani (65.3%). Thus, the biosynthesis of nanoparticle assisted by M. parviflora is a feasible and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Further the silver nanoparticles and leaf extract of M. parviflora could be explored for the development of the fungicide.

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles: What We Know and What Do We Need to Know?

“…Based on the above discussion and the potential role of bio-AgNPs against plant pathogens, it is evident that these may be used as an alternative solution for controlling microbial pathogens affecting plant growth instead of using synthetic chemicals. However, it is necessary to determine the exact mechanism of bio-AgNPs action in the fungal cell and their impact on the environment and human beings [200].…”

Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Different Plants’ Parts for Antimicrobial Activity and Anticancer Activity: A Review Article

“…Malva parviflora ethanol and waterleaf extract were utilized to synthesize spherical silver nanoparticles. The biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum (81%), A. alternate (82%), H. rostratum (89%), and F. solani (81%) [200]. Ziziphus nummularia aqueous leaf extract was utilized to synthesize silver nanoparticles.…”

“…Inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum (81%), A. alternate (82%), H. rostratum (89%), and F. solani (81%) [200]…”

Nanomaterials as Nanofertilizers and Nanopesticides: An Overview

“…In the most recent successes, in 2021, Amna et al [116] proved the prominent role of AgNPs against Colletotrichum falcatum and Fusarium moniliforme, fungal pathogens of sugarcane. Also, Al-Otibi et al [117] exhibited reduced growth mycelia of several plant pathogenic fungi, Helminthosporium rostratum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata, exposed to bio-fabricated AgNPs using Cheeseweed mallow. [115] Besides, Moustafa et al [118] hinted that AgNPs have great potential to manage many fungal species such as A. alternate, Drechslera halodes, F. oxysporum f. sp.…”