Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by ethanolic extracts of Phytolacca decandra, Gelsemium sempervirens, Hydrastis canadensis and Thuja occidentalis induce differential cytotoxicity through G2/M arrest in A375 cells

Das, Sreemanti; Das, Jayeeta; Samadder, Asmita; Bhattacharyya, Soumya; Das, Durba; Khuda‐Bukhsh, Anisur Rahman

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.07.008

Cited by 148 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…Accumulation of toxic levels in vivo is a significant concern. Nanoscale agents acquire properties that are dependent not only upon material composition and dose, but also nanoparticle sizes, shapes, and surface chemistries [22,23,40,[53][54][55][56]]. …”

Section: Dosing Nanoparticles For Safety: Low Pulsed Dosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The manufacturing methods encompass not only top-down mechanical methods, but potentially also bottom-up plant extract-based biosynthesis [40] and self-assembly of silica and silicon nanoparticles [41][42][43][44]. The serial "dilution" process of homeopathic manufacturing apparently removes bulk form materials from the agitated solutions, but ends up transferring the source nanoparticles from one preparation step to the next [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants can coat the surface of such nanostructures [38] and minerals can serve as dopants to modify nanosilica/silicon properties [39]. Thus, surface-modified nanosilica/silicon could convey unique amplified plant-or mineral-derived information into cells, just as plant-synthesized gold nanoparticles can do [40].The manufacturing methods encompass not only top-down mechanical methods, but potentially also bottom-up plant extract-based biosynthesis [40] and self-assembly of silica and silicon nanoparticles [41][42][43][44]. The serial "dilution" process of homeopathic manufacturing apparently removes bulk form materials from the agitated solutions, but ends up transferring the source nanoparticles from one preparation step to the next [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive nanoscience evidence demonstrates not only biological amplification effects of nanosilica, but also bottom up self-assembly of silica-based nanostructures using biological materials as templates [180]. Could homeopathic plant or other source material-modified silica nanostructures retain structural and functional information for reproduction into higher potencies, similar to plant-synthesized silver and gold NPs [40] or nanosilica doped or coated with other materials [181]? Silicatein enzymes from sponges and other plant materials can provide unique structure-guiding proteins [182].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Response Amplification Mechanisms for Low Doses of Natural Product Nanomedicines: Dynamical Interactions with the Recipient Complex Adaptive System

Bell

Sarter

Koithan

et al. 2013

J Nanomed Nanotechol

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The purpose of the present paper is (a) to outline the self-organized, complex adaptive network nature of the organism as recipient of nanomedicines; (b) to propose several nonlinear endogenous amplification processes by which pulsed low doses of traditional, homeopathically-manufactured natural product nanomedicines may stimulate a return toward healthier function; and (c) to discuss their potential relevance to novel, but safer than conventional dosing strategies for contemporary nanomedicines. Homeopathy is an over 200-year-old system of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that uses low doses of natural plant-, mineral-, and animal-sourced nanomedicines. Homeopathic manufacturing is "green", with mechanical grinding in lactose and agitation in ethanol-water as primary reagents. Agitation within glass containers at room temperature may also contribute nanosilica and nanosilicon as drug delivery vehicles and biological amplifiers. The medicine selection is matched to the recipient organism's systemic patterns of dysfunction and pulsed in the timing of the discrete doses. Endogenous amplification processes within the recipient organism may involve hormesis, time-dependent sensitization, and/or stochastic resonance. Effects are adaptive and systemically diffuse, i.e., causally indirect, rather than pharmacological and local, i.e., direct. All of these nonlinear response processes require interaction of the nanoparticle (NP) dose with the organism as a complex adaptive system. The pulsed NP dose serves as a low intensity salient danger signal for the organism to make network-wide adaptive changes that can lead to healing. The historically safe therapeutic approach of homeopathic nanomedicine dosing avoids risks of high, continuous doses and cumulative toxicity that contemporary nanomedicine researchers are now trying to solve while using NPs as if they were conventional bulk drugs. Integrating the insights, technical procedures, and clinical dosing approaches from modern and homeopathic nanomedicine could lead to major advances in the field for more effective and safer translational applications.NPs in homeopathic medicines [3]. NP concentrations are low, but measurable [3]. Like modern manufactured NPs [13], homeopathicallymanufactured medicines in solution also can exhibit aging effects [9,14]. These nanomedicines are delivered either in ethanolic liquids or sprayed and dried onto lactose or lactose/sucrose pellets for oral administration.Homeopathic manufacturing materials and methods are inherently "green" [15,16]. Previous papers have addressed the striking similarities between modern top-down mechanical attrition procedures for making nanoparticles (NPs) [17] and historical homeopathic medicine manufacturing methods and materials [15,[18][19][20][21]. These similarities include mechanically grinding source materials in lactose for hours and repeatedly agitating ethanol-water solutions containing the source Citation: Bell IR, Sarter B, Koithan M, Standish LJ, Banerji P, et al. (2013) Nonlinea...

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Section: Dosing Nanoparticles For Safety: Low Pulsed Dosesmentioning

confidence: 99%