BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS <i>EUXOA</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): V. REARING PROCEDURES, AND LIFE CYCLES OF 36 SPECIES

Hinks, C. F.; Byers, J. R.

doi:10.4039/ent1081345-12

Cited by 143 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Wild insect material has been introduced into the culture at least once annually. The insects were reared on a potatobased semi-synthetic diet (Hinks and Byers, 1976) and all stages were kept at 25±2°C, 65±5% relative humidity (RH) and 16h:8h light:dark photoperiod. The sex of the pupae was determined under a microscope and the sexes were kept in separate emergence boxes until used in the experiments.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific response to herbivore-inducedde novosynthesized plant volatiles provide reliable information for host plant selection in a moth

Zakir

Bengtsson

Sadek

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAnimals depend on reliable sensory information for accurate behavioural decisions. For herbivorous insects it is crucial to find host plants for feeding and reproduction, and these insects must be able to differentiate suitable from unsuitable plants. Volatiles are important cues for insect herbivores to assess host plant quality. It has previously been shown that female moths of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), avoid oviposition on damaged cotton Gossypium hirsutum, which may mediated by herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Among the HIPVs, some volatiles are released following any type of damage while others are synthesized de novo and released by the plants only in response to herbivore damage. In behavioural experiments we here show that oviposition by S. littoralis on undamaged cotton plants was reduced by adding volatiles collected from plants with ongoing herbivory. Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) recordings revealed that antennae of mated S. littoralis females responded to 18 compounds from a collection of headspace volatiles of damaged cotton plants. Among these compounds, a blend of the seven de novo synthesized volatile compounds was found to reduce oviposition in S. littoralis on undamaged plants under both laboratory and ambient (field) conditions in Egypt. Volatile compounds that are not produced de novo by the plants did not affect oviposition. Our results show that ovipositing females respond specifically to the de novo synthesized volatiles released from plants under herbivore attack. We suggest that these volatiles provide reliable cues for ovipositing females to detect plants that could provide reduced quality food for their offspring and an increased risk of competition and predation.

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Section: Materials and Methods Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific response to herbivore-inducedde novosynthesized plant volatiles provide reliable information for host plant selection in a moth

Zakir

Bengtsson

Sadek

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Adult Spodoptera littoralis were reared on a semi-artificial diet (Hinks and Byers, 1976) at the division of Chemical Ecology, SLU, Alnarp Sweden, under a 16/8 h light/dark regime in 20°C and 70 % relative humidity. As in the previous studies (Sjöholm, 2005(Sjöholm, , 2006, individuals used here were 2-3 days old males.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and local modulatory supply to the mushroom bodies of the moth Spodoptera littoralis

Sinakevitch¹,

Sjöholm

Hansson

et al. 2008

Arthropod Structure & Development

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The moth Spodoptera littoralis, is a major pest of agriculture whose olfactory system is tuned to odorants emitted by host plants and conspecifics. As in other insects, the paired mushroom bodies are thought to play pivotal roles in behaviors that are elicited by contextual and multisensory signals, amongst which those of specific odors dominate. Compared with species that have elaborate behavioral repertoires, such as the honey bee Apis mellifera or the cockroach Periplaneta americana, the mushroom bodies of S. littoralis were originally viewed as having a simple cellular organization. This has been since challenged by observations of putative transmitters and neuromodulators. As revealed by immunocytology, the spodopteran mushroom bodies like those of other taxa, are subdivided longitudinally into discrete neuropil domains. Such divisions are further supported by the present study, which also demonstrates discrete affinities to different mushroom body neuropils by antibodies raised against two putative transmitters, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid, and against three putative neuromodulatory substances: serotonin, A-type allatostatin, and tachykinin-related peptides. The results suggest that in addition to longitudinal divisions of the lobes, circuits in the calyces and lobes are likely to be independently modulated.

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“…Animals Adult males of Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval were obtained from a culture that has been reared for several generations on a semi-synthetic diet (Hinks and Byers, 1976), based on potatoes instead of beans. The culture was maintained at 25°C, 65% r.h. and 16·h:8·h L:D, and has been supplemented with moths collected from the wild in Egypt yearly since 1995.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Her odours make him deaf: crossmodal modulation of olfaction and hearing in a male moth

Skals

Anderson

Kanneworff

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY All animals have to cope with sensory conflicts arising from simultaneous input of incongruent data to different sensory modalities. Nocturnal activity in moths includes mate-finding behaviour by odour detection and bat predator avoidance by acoustic detection. We studied male moths that were simultaneously exposed to female sex pheromones indicating the presence of a potential mate, and artificial bat cries simulating a predation risk. We show that stimulation of one sensory modality can modulate the response to information from another, suggesting that behavioural thresholds are dynamic and depend on the behavioural context. The tendency to respond to bat sounds decreased as the quality and/or the amount of sex pheromone increased. The behavioural threshold for artificial bat cries increased by up to 40 dB when male moths where simultaneously exposed to female sex pheromones. As a consequence, a male moth that has detected the pheromone plume from a female will not try to evade an approaching bat until the bat gets close, hence incurring increased predation risk. Our results suggest that male moths'reaction to sensory conflicts is a trade-off depending on the relative intensity of the input to CNS from the two sensory modalities.

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BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): V. REARING PROCEDURES, AND LIFE CYCLES OF 36 SPECIES

Cited by 143 publications

References 31 publications

Specific response to herbivore-inducedde novosynthesized plant volatiles provide reliable information for host plant selection in a moth

Specific response to herbivore-inducedde novosynthesized plant volatiles provide reliable information for host plant selection in a moth

Global and local modulatory supply to the mushroom bodies of the moth Spodoptera littoralis

Her odours make him deaf: crossmodal modulation of olfaction and hearing in a male moth

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