Biotic Interactions in Benthic Foraminifera

Lipps, Jere H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0740-3_8

Cited by 115 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Those with upright or tubular test structures were classified as suspension feeders and those lacking upright structures, or found under nodules or in subsurface sediment (as well as on the upper nodule surfaces), were grouped as deposit feeders. These groupings of foraminifera1 taxa (listed by Mullineaux 1987) are consistent with available information on feeding of benthic foraminifers (Christiansen 197 1;Sleigh 1973;DeLaca et al 1980;Lipps 1983;Jones and Charnock 1985). One deviation from previous work is the classification here of Saccorhiza ramosa as a deposit feeder.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

Vertical distributions of the epifauna on manganese nodules: Implications for settlement and feeding

Mullineaux

1989

Limnology & Oceanography

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Over 65% of the sessile organisms living on manganese nodules from the tropical North Pacific belong to taxa whose abundances are related to vertical position on the nodule. The nodule surface texture and boundary layer flow environment, two factors that also vary vertically, were investigated to determine whether they could account for the observed faunal distributions. The surface texture of nodules from the tropical Pacific is generally rough and knobby at the nodule base and smooth near the summit. Twenty-five taxa, including 68% of the total individuals, were found in significantly different abundances between the rough and smooth surfaces of 34 nodules. These distributions may be due to larval responses to surface texture and can account for much of the observed vertical zonation of the fauna. Boundary layer flows over nodules were characterized from laboratory flume studies and field observations. In flows at the field site, it is expected that mean boundary shear stress and horizontal flux of particles (food or larvae) will increase from the nodule base to the summit, while particle contact rate and deposition will decrease. The observations that suspension feeders persist near the nodule summit and deposit feeders concentrate near the base suggest that vertical distributions of some taxa may be determined by adult feeding requirements. Individuals of most taxa are relatively scarce at the nodule base, indicating that their larvae are not colonizing where they accumulate passively. High abundances of matlike agglutinated foraminifers (of unknown feeding type) at the nodule summit may be due to larval responses to the relatively'higher shear stresses. --

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

Vertical distributions of the epifauna on manganese nodules: Implications for settlement and feeding

Mullineaux

1989

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The distinguishing features of reticulopodia, such as rapid bidirectional movement of intracellular organelles and plasma membrane surface domains, and development of extensive networks, provided early Foraminifera with a greatly enhanced ability to gather and manipulate particles and to construct various types of test (31). The development of reticulopodia, and the subsequent building of the test, were crucial for the initial diversification of the group, providing the Foraminifera with shelter from predation and adverse environmental conditions, as well as with a compartment in which to store food and to protect juveniles (32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of early Foraminifera

Pawłowski

Holzmann

Berney

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

249

168

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Fossil Foraminifera appear in the Early Cambrian, at about the same time as the first skeletonized metazoans. However, due to the inadequate preservation of early unilocular (single-chambered) foraminiferal tests and difficulties in their identification, the evolution of early foraminifers is poorly understood. By using molecular data from a wide range of extant naked and testate unilocular species, we demonstrate that a large radiation of nonfossilized unilocular Foraminifera preceded the diversification of multilocular lineages during the Carboniferous. Within this radiation, similar test morphologies and wall types developed several times independently. Our findings indicate that the early Foraminifera were an important component of Neoproterozoic protistan community, whose ecological complexity was probably much higher than has been generally accepted.

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“…Thus, the presence of macrofauna does not seem to limit foraminiferal populations in these regions, possibly because there is enough food to sustain both faunal components. However, Woulds et al (2007;this volume) Only a few metazoans, notably scaphopods and certain isopods, are known to be specialist predators on foraminiferans (Lipps, 1983;Svavarsson et al, 1993;Gudmundsson et al, 2000Gudmundsson et al, , 2003. Occasional scaphopods, which were usually dead, occurred at 140, 1405-1530 m and 1850 m depth; isopods were common only at 1850 m (Murty, 2005;Hughes et al, this volume).…”

Section: Foraminiferan-metazoan Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faunal responses to oxygen gradients on the Pakistan margin: A comparison of foraminiferans, macrofauna and megafauna

Gooday

Levin

Silva

et al. 2009

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

143

103

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The Pakistan margin is characterized by a strong midwater oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) that intercepts the seabed at bathyal depths (150 to 1300 m). We investigated whether faunal abundance and diversity trends were similar among protists (foraminiferans and gromiids), metazoan macrofauna and megafauna along a transect (140-1850 m water depth) across the OMZ during the 2003 intermonsoon (March-May) and late/post monsoon (August-October) seasons. All groups exhibited some drop in abundance in the OMZ core (250-500 m water depth; O 2 : 0.10-0.13 ml l -1 = 4.46-5.80 μM l -1 ) but to differing degrees. Densities of foraminiferans >63 µm were slightly depressed at 300 m, peaked at 738 m, and were much lower at deeper stations. Foraminiferans >300 µm were the overwhelmingly dominant macrofaunal organisms in the OMZ core.Macrofaunal metazoans reached maximum densities at 140 m depth, with additional peaks at 850, 940 and 1850 m where foraminiferans were less abundant. The polychaete Linopherus sp. was responsible for a macrofaunal biomass peak at 950 m. Apart from large swimming animals (fish and natant decapods), metazoan megafauna were absent between 300 and 900 m (O 2 <0.14-0.15 ml l -1 = 6.25-6.69 μM l -1 ) but were represented by a huge, ophiuroid-dominated abundance peak at 1000 m (O 2 ~0.15-0.18 ml l -1 = 6.69-8.03μM l -1 ). Gromiid protists were confined largely to depths below 1150 m (O 2 >0.2 ml l -1 = 8.92 μM l -1 ). The progressively deeper abundance peaks for foraminiferans (>63 µm), Linopherus sp. and ophiuroids probably represent lower OMZ boundary edge effects and suggest a link between body size and tolerance of hypoxia. Macro-and megafaunal organisms collected between 800 and 1100 m were dominated by a succession of different taxa, indicating that the lower part of the OMZ is also a region of rapid faunal change. Species diversity was depressed in all groups in the OMZ core, but this was much more pronounced for macrofauna and megafauna than for foraminiferans. Oxygen levels strongly influenced the taxonomic composition of all faunal groups. Calcareous foraminiferans dominated the seasonally and permanently hypoxic sites (136-300 m); agglutinated foraminiferans were relatively more abundant at deeper stations where oxygen concentrations were >0.13 ml l -1 (= 5.80 μM l -1 ). Polychaetes were the main macrofaunal taxon within the OMZ; calcareous macrofauna and megafauna (decapods, 3 echinoderms) were rare or absent where oxygen levels were lowest. The rarity of larger animals between 300 and 700 m on the Pakistan margin, compared with the abundant macrofauna in the OMZ core off Oman, is the most notable contrast between the two sides of the Arabian Sea. This difference probably reflects the slightly higher oxygen levels and better food quality on the western side.

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Biotic Interactions in Benthic Foraminifera

Cited by 115 publications

References 81 publications

Vertical distributions of the epifauna on manganese nodules: Implications for settlement and feeding

Vertical distributions of the epifauna on manganese nodules: Implications for settlement and feeding

The evolution of early Foraminifera

Faunal responses to oxygen gradients on the Pakistan margin: A comparison of foraminiferans, macrofauna and megafauna

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