Biotransformation of Organic Chemicals by Fish: Enzyme Activities and Reactions

Application of Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships for Assessing the Aquatic Toxicity of Phthalate Esters

“…Furthermore, unlike nonpolar narcotic chemicals which exhibit QSARs with a rather constant slope of approximately !0.94, PE QSARs are characterized by slopes which vary between species in a manner that is consistent with expected biotransformation capacity (i.e., algae(invertebrates("sh). While interspecies di!erences in carboxyesterase activities have been reported in mammals (Hosokawa et al, 1994), little comparative information is available for "sh (Sijm and Opperhuizen, 1989) and other aquatic organisms. Results summarized in Fig.…”

Multimedia modeling of human exposure to chemical substances: The roles of food web biomagnification and biotransformation

“…Biotransformation rate estimates for fish were obtained from a database [20], whereas rates in birds and mammals were assumed to be five times faster than those in fish on a per body weight basis unless otherwise noted. This extrapolation factor was assumed for illustrative purposes in the present study based on evidence that biotransformation rates in birds and mammals are generally faster than those in fish [21][22][23]. A further rationale for this assumed extrapolation is provided in the Supplemental Data.…”

Vacuolation, proliferation and neoplasia in the liver of Boston Harbor winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

“…Their livers contain mixed function oxidase systems (cytochrome P450s) capable of metabolizing a range of polynuclear aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons (Stegeman and Kloepper-Sams 1987, Sijm andOpperhuizen 1989). ~ajor experimental inducers of cytochrome P450 in fish include beta-naphthoflavone, benzo(a)pyrene, dimethylbenzanthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene and specific coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners.…”