Biphasic pretreatment for energy and carbon efficient conversion of lignocellulose into bioenergy and reactive lignin

Efficient catalytic oxidation of biomass to formic acid coupled with low-energy formaldehyde production from methanol

“…16,24,33 A strategy can be considered that lignin is first separated from lignocellulosic biomass for the preparation of high value-added aromatic compounds, 41 and the remaining saccharides are efficiently converted to FA via a coupling system. So far, many efficient methods for the component fractionation of lignocellulose have been reported, [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] providing feasibility for the fractionation-valorization strategy.…”

Recent advances in biomass pretreatment using biphasic solvent systems

“…To enable lignin-first biorefinery, a pentanol–water biphasic pretreatment technique was developed to suppress lignin degradation and condensation during acid-catalyzed pretreatment. 143 Due to the pentoxylation of the α-OH group in the lignin side chain, over 40% of vulnerable aryl ether linkages were preserved, and low amounts of C–C linkages were detected. Organic solvents such as toluene, 144 phenol, 46 and o -sec-butylphenol 145 could all form a biphasic solvent system with water to enhance the biomass components’ processability.…”

Mild organosolv pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with acetone/phenoxyethanol/water for enhanced sugar production

“…Of various pretreatments, organosolv pretreatment is attractive as it can fractionate lignocellulose into carbohydrate polymers and lignin with the selection of solvents and pretreatment conditions. 14,15…”

“…16–18 Islam et al proposed an acidic pentanol–water biphasic system for the pretreatment of lignocellulose ( Acacia Confusa wood) at 170 °C with H 2 SO 4 as the aqueous phase, and over 70% of lignin was removed into the organic phase, leaving a solid residue rich in cellulose. 14 The mass transfer efficiency of monophasic systems is obviously higher than that of biphasic systems. 9 However, the biphasic system can effectively fractionate lignocellulose biomass, as hemicellulose was decomposed and then dissolved in the aqueous phase.…”