Bipolar disorder in children and adolecents: a clinical reality?

Reichart, Catrien G.; Nolen, Willem A.; Wals, Marjolein; Hillegers, Manon

doi:10.1017/s0924270800035602

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is, however, not clear from our results if this indeed implies a missing awareness of the atypical picture of BD in younger people (e.g. no clear episodes, mixed symptoms) or supports the hypothesis that early administration of certain drugs favor an earlier onset of BD in other countries (14). Preliminary prospective data argues against this latter hypothesis; at least stimulants did not worsen manic symptoms in the short term (17).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…The prevalence of BD in children and adolescents based on the reports of the psychiatrists for 2001 was 0.55 and 0.48% respectively, which is lower than other reports from community samples (1, 3). The total number of BD diagnoses in patients under the age of 13 years in the Netherlands (n ¼ 27) for 2000 was higher than in southern Germany with n ¼ 11 (14). The opposite is, however, true for adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Do child psychiatrists in Germany diagnose bipolar disorders in children and adolescents? Results from a survey

2004

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Our study only relied on self-reports of the psychiatrists about the diagnoses and number of cases, but BD in children seems to be rarely diagnosed in outpatient settings in Germany. The design of our study, however, cannot resolve the questions what the reasons are for this low rate of BD diagnoses, e.g. misdiagnoses, overlooking comorbidity or referral strategies. Epidemiological studies are needed and should consider multiple follow-ups.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Do child psychiatrists in Germany diagnose bipolar disorders in children and adolescents? Results from a survey

2004

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“…Adolescents were excluded if they had a current mental disorder, a life-time history of major depressive disorder or dysthymia, or a history of psychopathology in the past two years. Adolescent psychopathology was assessed at baseline during a face-to-face interview using the Structured Interview of the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL [36]). For parents, no in-or exclusion criteria were specified, except for a good command of the Dutch language.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Does the COVID-19 pandemic impact parents’ and adolescents’ well-being? An EMA-study on daily affect and parenting

et al. 2020

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Due to the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands (March 2020) and the associated social distancing measures, families were enforced to stay at home as much as possible. Adolescents and their families may be particularly affected by this enforced proximity, as adolescents strive to become more independent. Yet, whether these measures impact emotional well-being in families with adolescents has not been examined. In this ecological momentary assessment study, we investigated if the COVID-19 pandemic affected positive and negative affect of parents and adolescents and parenting behaviors (warmth and criticism). Additionally, we examined possible explanations for the hypothesized changes in affect and parenting. To do so, we compared daily reports on affect and parenting that were gathered during two periods of 14 consecutive days, once before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and once during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multilevel analyses showed that only parents' negative affect increased as compared to the period before the pandemic, whereas this was not the case for adolescents' negative affect, positive affect and parenting behaviors (from both the adolescent and parent perspective). In general, intolerance of uncertainty was linked to adolescents' and parents' negative affect and adolescents' positive affect. However, Intolerance of uncertainty, nor any pandemic related characteristics (i.e. living surface, income, relatives with COVID-19, hours of working at home, helping children with school and contact with COVID-19 patients at work) were linked to the increase of parents' negative affect during COVID-19. It can be concluded that on average, our sample (consisting of relatively healthy parents and adolescents) seems to deal fairly well with the circumstances. The substantial heterogeneity in the data however, also suggest that whether or not parents and adolescents experience (emotional) problems can vary from household to household. Implications for researchers, mental health care professionals and policy makers are discussed.

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“…Teacher ratings of behavior were obtained using the Teacher Report Form (TRF) [3]. In addition, the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version 1.0 with supplement (K-SADS-PL), a semistructured DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, was administered to children and parents [34,58]. This semistructured interview has been used extensively to make diagnostic decisions based on DSM criteria and has been validated with children aged 6-17.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning among children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types

West

Claes

Deboutte

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Some evidence suggests that the HPA axis may be dysfunctional in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether a different pattern of HPA axis activity is found between the inattentive (I) and combined (C) subtypes of ADHD, in comparison with healthy control children. A total of 100 prepubertal subjects [52 children with ADHD combined type (ADHD-C), 23 children with ADHD predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I), and 25 healthy control subjects] were studied. The effects of stress were studied by comparing cortisol responses to a psychosocial stressor, consisting of a public speaking task. Children with ADHD-I showed an elevated cortisol response to the psychosocial stressor, in contrast to children with ADHD-C who showed a blunted cortisol response to the psychosocial stressor. When a distinction was made between responders and non-responders (a subject was classified as a responder when there was an increase in cortisol reactivity), hyperactivity symptoms were clearly related to a lower cortisol reactivity to stress. The results indicate that a low-cortisol responsivity to stress may be a neurobiological marker for children with ADHD-C, but not for those with ADHD-I. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed.

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Bipolar disorder in children and adolecents: a clinical reality?

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Do child psychiatrists in Germany diagnose bipolar disorders in children and adolescents? Results from a survey

Do child psychiatrists in Germany diagnose bipolar disorders in children and adolescents? Results from a survey

Does the COVID-19 pandemic impact parents’ and adolescents’ well-being? An EMA-study on daily affect and parenting

Differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning among children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types

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