“…This may be attributed to the heterogeneity of landscapes supporting an array of habitats comprising of intact forest patches, protected areas (Jasrota, Nandini, and Surinsar-Mansar Wildlife sanctuaries), rocky ridges, vast fallows and agricultural fields, water bodies (rivers, streams, and ponds), floodplains and urban habitats infused with green belt parks, urban forests and green corridors that provide favorable space for nesting, breeding, perching and roosting and thus high raptor richness and abundance [3,81–84]. Landscape attributes play an important role in determining avian richness and abundance [85–86] which is high in mosaic lands [87–89] limited by suitable breeding habitat and specific nest-site requirements [1,3]. Raptors which have large home ranges encompass a wide range of habitats [90].…”