Birefringence of flow-assembled chitosan membranes in microfluidics

Li, K; Correa, Santiago; Pham, Phu; Raub, Christopher B.; Luo, Xiaolong

doi:10.1088/1758-5090/aa786e

Cited by 22 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The membranes were mechanically robust to withstand manual operation during the PBS rinsing steps. The biofabricated membranes as fluitrodes were freestanding, reversible, mechanically robust, and chemically semipermeable to small molecules, which was due to the flow‐induced molecular microalignment of the membranes . The device with fluitrodes was stored at 4 °C within a sealed Petri dish to maintain humidity and can be stored for weeks for FSSB assembly later.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing Synthetic Ecosystems with Biopolymer Fluitrodes

et al. 2018

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the relationships within microbiomes and the interactions between microbiome and host in a well-controlled and spatially analogous manner is of great interest in microbiome engineering and developing new biological technologies. [4] Microfluidic platforms have been of great interest for cellular studies in the last two decades. Recent transition from two dimensional (2D) to three dimensional (3D) cell culture in microfluidics provides the ability to control and monitor in vitro interactions between cells and extracellular matrix, establish stable chemical gradients and stimuli, deliver oxygen and nutrients, and to remove metabolites and reduce shear stress by laminar flows. [5] For example, natural and synthetic calcium alginate hydrogels were assembled into 3D geometries with high aspect ratio and curvature by combination of laser ablation and sacrificial molding technique. [4b,c] Calcium alginate with target cells was electrodeposited on electrodes or flow-assembled in microfluidics to model biofilms or construct synthetic ecosystems with spatiotemporal programmability. [6] Great advances have been made in organ-on-a-chip systems and synthetic systems that enable spatially controlled cocultures of cells and model various biological events including cancer metastasis and vascular functions. [7] The vast majority of microbial models or the microbehost systems, however, are limited to mixed or binary cultures that either are challenging if not impossible to track changes occurring in individual populations, or lack the compatibility to deliver different nutrients for different species. Challenges remain in culturing cells with a spatial resolution that can be used to study complex interactions between multiple species within microbial communities.This study presents, for the first time, the concept of fluitrodes to conveniently embed multiple cell populations in 3D hydrogels in microfluidics with a spatial resolution of biological relevance. The fluitrodes are freestanding biopolymer membranes that, like electrodes in transmitting electrons, transmit ions and small molecules with spatiotemporal programmability. Since biology information is mainly transmitted via ions and small molecules rather than electrons, the fluitrodes provide a novel platform to communicate with cell populations through ions and molecules in aqueous condition complementary to the communication in solids through an electrode. The spatially patterned cell populations were assembled either side by side or layer by layer in Modeling the complex interactions among organisms found within microbiomes is of great interest for the development of new biological technologies. Challenges remain in culturing cells of multiple species with spatial resolutions similar to microbial communities. Here, a fluitrode concept in microfluidics using biofabrication of functional biopolymers is demonstrated to efficiently assemble multiple cell populations in 3D hydrogels of spatial and biological relevance. The fluitrodes are freestanding biopolymer membranes...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing Synthetic Ecosystems with Biopolymer Fluitrodes

et al. 2018

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“…The microchannels were 500 μm wide in the tubing connection section and smoothly curved and gradually narrowed to 220 μm wide near the aperture area where the biopolymer membranes were fabricated as reported in previous studies. 4 , 8 , 25 The ten apertures and eight PDMS pillars between the apertures were 50 μm in all three dimensions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Among them, the in situ biofabrication of chitosan membranes (CM) by locally generated pH gradients has been an attractive method for the integration of biopolymer membranes on-chip. 4 Chitosan is a partially deacetylated derivative of chitin and commonly used in a variety of biomedical applications. 5 In particular, chitosan is a well-known pH-responsive biopolymer which is a water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte at low pH and becomes insoluble with gel or film forming characteristics at higher pH than its pK a at 6.3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the porosity of biofabricated chitosan membranes in microfluidics with co-assembled nanoparticles as templates

Raub

Luo

2020

Mater. Adv.

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“…This sol-gel transition involves a reversible self-assembly of the chitosan chains to form crystalline network junctions that serve as physical crosslinks [102]. In various experimental systems it has been observed that as a base penetrates into a chitosan solution, the gelation of chitosan occurs as a growing hydrogel front, and this self-assembly front co-localizes with a growing pH front and also a crystallization front [134,[200][201][202]. Growth of these fronts can be quantified in terms of a moving front model [134,203].…”

Section: Examples Of Biopolymer-based Electobiofabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrobiofabrication: electrically based fabrication with biologically derived materials

Kim

et al. 2019

Biofabrication

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While conventional material fabrication methods focus on form and strength to achieve function, the fabrication of material systems for emerging life science applications will need to satisfy a more subtle set of requirements. A common goal for biofabrication is to recapitulate complex biological contexts (e.g. tissue) for applications that range from animal-on-a-chip to regenerative medicine. In these cases, the material systems will need to: (i) present appropriate surface functionalities over a hierarchy of length scales (e.g. molecular features that enable cell adhesion and topographical features that guide differentiation); (ii) provide a suite of mechanobiological cues that promote the emergence of native-like tissue form and function; and (iii) organize structure to control cellular ingress and molecular transport, to enable the development of an interconnected cellular community that is engaged in cell signaling. And these requirements are not likely to be static but will vary over time and space, which will require capabilities of the material systems to dynamically respond, adapt, heal and reconfigure. Here, we review recent advances in the use of electrically based fabrication methods to build material systems from biological macromolecules (e.g. chitosan, alginate, collagen and silk). Electrical signals are especially convenient for fabrication because they can be controllably imposed to promote the electrophoresis, alignment, self-assembly and functionalization of macromolecules to generate

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Birefringence of flow-assembled chitosan membranes in microfluidics

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Constructing Synthetic Ecosystems with Biopolymer Fluitrodes

Constructing Synthetic Ecosystems with Biopolymer Fluitrodes

Tuning the porosity of biofabricated chitosan membranes in microfluidics with co-assembled nanoparticles as templates

Electrobiofabrication: electrically based fabrication with biologically derived materials

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