Bismuth‐based Nanomaterials for Aqueous Alkaline Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Abstract

Aqueous alkaline batteries (AABs) with the merits of cost-effectiveness, environmental benignity and high safety have attracted extensive interests and considered as the most promising stational energy storage system. As potential anode candidates in AABs, bismuth-based materials show special advantages such as non-toxic, low redox potential and high theoretical capacity. In this review, we overview the structure of Bi based materials and their energy storage mechanism. Then the application of Bi and its compound in AABs including modification strategies are summarized. In addition, perspectives on future anode design and innovation direction are provided for the further investigation and development of Bi-based AABs.

An Innovative Bi12SiO20 Multistage Cubic Nanospheres Cathode for High‐Performance Bi//Zn Battery

“…Conversely, when charged back (stage 1 to 4), the relative intensity of Bi 12 SiO 20 (222)/(321) enhances, while the relative intensity of peaks owing to Bi (112) decreases. Therefore, based on the ex‐XRD results, the electrode reactions could be ascribed to the reversible oxidation‐reduction reaction in Bi 12 SiO 20 /Bi (Bi 3+ /Bi 0 ) couple, which is similar with previous report Bi 2 O 3 electrode [14,22] . Besides, according to reports in the literatures the anode should be ascribed to the Zn/Zn 2+ redox during charge and discharge processes ([Zn(OH) 4 ] 2− +2e − ↔Zn+4OH − ) [14,25,26] …”

“…Figure 3a depicts the representative CV curves of the MCS‐Bi 12 SiO 20 and Bi 2 O 3 electrodes within a potential rang of −1.1∼0 V (vs. Hg/HgO) at scan rate of 10 mV s −1 . The CV profile of MCS‐Bi 12 SiO 20 electrode exhibits similar features with Bi 2 O 3 electrode (Figure 3a, Figure 3S), suggesting the conversion mechanism of MCS‐Bi 12 SiO 20 may also be ascribed to the redox reactions of Bi + /Bi 3+ and Bi 0 /Bi + [15,22] . Furthermore, the CV curves of MCS‐Bi 12 SiO 20 electrode under varied scan rates (10∼100 mV s −1 ) were also detected (Figure 3b).…”

A Covalent Organic Framework as a Long‐life and High‐Rate Anode Suitable for Both Aqueous Acidic and Alkaline Batteries

“…The GCD curves of each current density were consistent with the CV profiles in Figure S18. Remarkably, the HPP-COF anode shows a competitive capacity at 5-100 A g À 1 among the reported materials in the alkaline Nibased batteries, such as PAQS (163 mAh g À 1 @ 4.5 A g À 1 ), [35] Bi (96.2 mAh g À 1 @ 4.5 A g À 1 ), [36] IEP-11 (122 mAh g À 1 @ 3.3 A g À 1 ), [35] and poly(anthraquinone sulfide) (OAQS) (185 mAh g À 1 @ 0.225 A g À 1 ) [37] (Figure S19). Also, the longterm performance of the anode was evaluated at 30 A g À 1 (Figure S20).…”

Recent Development Strategies for Bismuth‐Driven Materials in Sustainable Energy Systems and Environmental Restoration

“…These features favor the use of Bi as an electrode material with potential window expansion in the negative working zone with three-electron redox electrochemical reactions. [26,94,95] Furthermore, the majority of Bi materials are semiconductors, as illustrated by the bandgap representation in Figure 6. Their optical and electrical properties can thus be tuned via energy band engineering, and they outperform other materials in their catalytic performance.…”

“…[18][19][20] However, these have primarily focused on materials for a single application, such as bismuth oxyhalides for photocatalytic (PC) environmental applications, [21] Bi photocatalysts for CO 2 conversion, [10] antibiotic/environmental remediation, [22,23] Bi composites for PC hydrogen generation, [24] and Bi-based materials in aqueous alkaline batteries. [25,26] Thus, they do not address more versatile Bi-based materials and their prospects for use in energy storage and conversion and photo-and photoelectrocatalytic applications that rely on a tailored material structure and the resulting changes to the intrinsic properties.…”