Bismuth subsalicylate incorporated in polycaprolactone-gelatin membranes by electrospinning to prevent bacterial colonization

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the periodontal tissues. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR), involving the use of barrier membranes, is one of the most successful clinical procedures for periodontal therapy. Nevertheless, rapid degradation of the membranes and membrane-related infections are considered two of the major reasons for GTR clinical failure. Recently, integration of non-antibiotic, antimicrobial materials to the membranes has emerged as a novel strategy to face the bacterial infection challenge, without increasing bacterial resistance. In this sense, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) is a non-antibiotic, metal-based antimicrobial agent effective against different bacterial strains, that has been long safely used in medical treatments. Thus, the aim of the present work was to fabricate fibrillar, non-rapidly bioresorbable, antibacterial GTR membranes composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin (Gel), and BSS as the antibacterial agent. PCL-G-BSS membranes with three different BSS concentrations (2 wt./v%, 4 wt./v%, and 6 wt./v%) were developed by electrospinning and their morphology, composition, water wettability, mechanical properties, Bi release and degradation rate were characterized. The Cytotoxicity of the membranes was studied in vitro using human osteoblasts (hFOB) and gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1), and their antibacterial activity was tested against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Escherichia coli, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The membranes obtained exhibited adequate mechanical properties for clinical application, and appropriate degradation rates for allowing periodontal defects regeneration. The hFOB and HGF-1 cells displayed adequate viability when in contact with the lixiviated products from the membranes, and, in general, displayed antibacterial activity against the four bacteria strains tested. Thus, the PCL-G-BSS membranes showed to be appropriate as potential barrier membranes for periodontal GTR treatments.

Recent advances of functional modules for tooth regeneration

“…Notably, the PCL-G-BSS membranes displayed promising features like appropriate degradation rates and antibacterial activity, positioning them as potentially suitable barrier membranes for applications in periodontal GTR treatments. 171 Zhang and colleagues undertook the preparation of a series of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/wool keratin composite GTR membranes with varying concentrations of the antibacterial agent ornidazole (ORN). Employing an electrospinning technique, six groups of composite membranes were produced, each containing different amounts of ornidazole (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%).…”

Electrospun Nanofibers for Periodontal Treatment: A Recent Progress

“…24 Therefore, GTR has become a better option for surgical therapy to further promote periodontal tissue regeneration. 25 Considering the particularity of the oral environment, the periodontal barrier membrane for tissue regeneration should have the following properties: 1) absence of cytotoxicity, stimulation, immunogenicity, adverse reactions to tissues, and rejection to the body; 2) good biological compatibility to facilitate cell…”

A novel polyhydroxyalkanoate/polyvinyl alcohol composite porous membrane via electrospinning and spin coating as potential application for chemotherapy and tissue engineering

“…[4][5][6] Electrospinning, as an effective technique in the production of nanofibers, is widely used since the produced fibers have a uniform appearance. 7,8 A large number of natural or synthetic macromolecules, such as PVA, 9,10 poly(ε-caprolactone), 11 poly(lactic acid), 12 collagen, 13 gelatin, 14 and chitosan, 15 have been successfully fabricated into composite fiber mats for biomedical purpose.…”