Bisphenol A, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Epidemiological, Laboratory, and Clinical Trial Evidence

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has become one of the most common environmental chemical exposures in humans. There is growing evidence regarding an association between BPA exposure, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). If BPA exposure is indeed associated with raised blood pressure and CVD, it would be a major public health problem. Therefore, we reviewed the epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical trial evidence for an association between BPA exposure, CVD, and hypertension, and discussed the possible mechanisms in this article. Cross-sectional studies in various ethnicities suggested a possible association between BPA exposure and hypertension; this association was supported by a panel study and a randomized clinical trial. Despite the discordance among cross-sectional studies about an association between BPA exposure and CVD, a longitudinal study shows that BPA exposure is a risk factor for CVD. The effects of BPA exposure such as endocrinal disturbance, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, epigenetic change, and links with other chronic diseases may highlight a possible mechanism between BPA exposure, CVD, and hypertension. To clarify the causal relationship, well-designed studies are needed in the future.

Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors

“…This would suggest an avenue for homeostatic disruptions including cardiovascular effects and hypertension associated with BPA and, by extension, other EDCs (142, 143). Intriguingly, in humans, BPA exposure has been tentatively linked with cardiovascular disease and hypertension, but the causal mechanisms remain to be characterized (144). …”

Influence of bisfenol A on chemical coding of the nerve fibers of the cardiac apex in the domestic pig

“…Ponadto wykazano, iż substancja ta może powodować arytmię (43) oraz przyczyniać się do różnorodnych chorób serca, takich jak zawał mięśnia sercowego czy choroba niedokrwienna serca. Stwierdzono także, że ekspozycja na bisfenol A zwięk-sza ryzyko nadciśnienia i choroby wieńcowej (3,16,20). Pomimo stosunkowo znacznej liczby badań na temat negatywnego wpływu BPA na układ sercowo--naczyniowy (1,2,12,15,34), dokładny mechanizm tego działania nie został do końca poznany.…”

Neurochemical characterization of the enteric neurons within the porcine jejunum in physiological conditions and under the influence of bisphenol A (BPA)

“…Moreover, it is known that BPA affects the liver, pancreas, and kidneys . Previous studies have shown that this toxin causes changes in the heart and blood vessels, which may lead to hypertension, heart attack, atherosclerosis, and stroke …”

“…[17][18][19] Previous studies have shown that this toxin causes changes in the heart and blood vessels, which may lead to hypertension, heart attack, atherosclerosis, and stroke. 20,21 Despite numerous studies on the influence of BPA on the living organisms, several aspects of the toxic properties of this substance remain unexplained, including the impact of this substance on the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS is the part of the autonomic nervous system, which is located in the wall of the GI tract and is characterized by significant independence from the brain.…”