Bisphosphonates promote jaw osteonecrosis through facilitating bacterial colonisation

Osteopathology associated with bone resorption inhibitors – which role does Actinomyces play? A presentation of 51 cases with systematic review of the literature

“…They hypothesized the possible importance of subclinical biofilm formation and subsequent or concomitant non‐viable bone as risk factors for the development of BRIOJ . This hypothesis was supported by other studies .…”

“…Actinomyces , which is commonly found in the oral cavity, is believed to play a role in the etiopathological process. Several authors described the presence of Actinomyces colonies in the area of necrotic bone . However, a clear description of whether Actinomyces colonizes the already necrotic bone or plays an active role in the inflammatory process that leads to subsequent bone necrosis is lacking.…”

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: A review of 34 cases and evaluation of risk

“…Furthermore, while ONJ is definitely confined to the jaws, other similar complications of BP therapy have been described, for instance atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis (Kyrgidis et al, 2009b). Finally, the bacterial colonization hypothesis (Kos and Luczak, 2009) might have a role in the pathogenesis of ONJ along with numerous cellular interactions (Kyrgidis et al, 2009a).…”

Biomimetic Nanostructured Apatitic Matrices for Drug Delivery

“…The classical BP treatment is the systemic way, which is by oral administration or intravenous injection. However, systemic use of BPs can result in undesirable side effects such as fever [157], GI disturbances such as ulcers [158], or osteonecrosis of the jaw, especially caused by intravenous preparations [159,160]. Moreover, low bioavailability is commonly observed for oral administration [161].…”