BITC and S-Carvone Restrain High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Ameliorate Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the preventative activity of benzyl isothiocyante and S-carvone against high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic complications. Methods Ten-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high-fat diet and injected intraperitoneally twice per week with benzyl isothiocyante, S-carvone, or vehicle for 8 weeks. The body weight, food intake, and body composition were monitored, and glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were performed at the end of the experiment. Serum and tissue samples were studied using serum biochemistry, histological, and gene expression analysis to define the effects of benzyl isothiocyante and S-carvone treatments on lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammatory responses. Results Benzyl isothiocyante and S-carvone blocked high-fat diet-induced weight gain, fat accumulation in the liver, and insulin resistance. The beneficial effects were found to be associated with an improvement of expression of macrophage marker genes in white adipose tissue, including F4/80, Cd11b, Cd11c, Cd206, and Tnf-α, and reduced expression of genes (Pparγ2, Scd1, Cd36) responsible for lipid synthesis and transport in the liver. Conclusion Benzyl isothiocyante and S-carvone block high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolism disorders and can be considered for management of the obesity epidemic that affects approximately 36% of adults and 17% of children in the USA.

Benzyl isothiocyanate ameliorates lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during adipocyte differentiation

“…In this study, we demonstrated that BITC is a potential inhibitor of the lipid accumulation in the differentiating preadipocytes. BITC improves the high-fat diet-induced liver fat accumulation in vivo [23], thus supporting our findings. Although the continuous treatment of BITC during all the stages (differentiation-inducing, different-maintaining and maturing stages) has also been reported to inhibit the lipid accumulation [26], its molecular mechanism remains to be clarified.…”

“…BITC is also able to inhibit inflammatory responses in macrophages [20] and the cytokine expression [21,22]. In addition, BITC has recently been reported to restrain the high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and liver fat accumulation [23]. However, it remains unclear whether or how BITC modulates lipid accumulation in the adipocytes.…”

A high-fat diet impacts memory and gene expression of the head in mated female Drosophila melanogaster

“…d-Carvone is a major component of several essential plant oils, including that of Lippia alba, and it has shown neuroactive properties with an ability to immobilize adult flies and reduce larval excitatory post synaptic potential amplitude in neuromuscular junctions (da Silva et al, 2018). Intriguingly, 8-week peritoneal injection of S-carvone in mice seemed to ablate the effects of a HFD feeding regimen, resulting in lower expression of inflammatory genes in white adipose, reduced weight gain, reduction in insulin resistance, and reduction of hepatic fat accumulation (Alsanea and Liu, 2017). Therefore, an interesting question is whether there are physiological implications in the context of HFD that go beyond sensory perception of smell due to the differential expression of these olfactory genes in Drosophila.…”

Capsosiphon fulvescens extracts improve obesity‐associated metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice

“…Hepatic steatosis is associated with obesity, where excess fat accumulates in the liver due to the induction of de novo lipogenesis and enhanced expression of fatty acid transporters in hepatocytes (Alsanea & Liu ). CF treatment alleviated the macrovesicular steatosis of liver induced by HFD and reduced size of increased WAT.…”