Bitstream-Oriented Protection for the H.264/Scalable Video Coding (SVC)

Ma, Ting; Lee, Yee Hui; Hu, Feng

doi:10.1007/s11277-017-4771-5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Terefore, VPS, SPS, and PPS are also not appropriate for video encryption. Ting et al utilized the bitstream of video coding layer (VCL) data [31]. Te NALU bodies of I slices are encrypted by the AES block cipher and those of B/P slices are encrypted with the CBC-mode XOR algorithm.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terefore, compared with VEAs before compression coding, VEAs based on compression coding are more efcient and more appropriate for real-time video protection. Tese VEAs are roughly divided into two categories: (1) encryption through video coding and (2) encryption after video coding [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Category (1) is embedded into one of the steps of the video coding standard, mostly before entropy coding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Video Encryption Algorithm Based on the Pseudorandom Number Generator of Zipf Distribution

Chen

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

Security and Communication Networks

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In this study, a pioneer selective video encryption (PSVE) algorithm is proposed based on the pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) of the Zipf distribution (Z-PRNG). It is a general algorithm with high efficiency and security. The encryption process is completely separable from the video coding process. In the PSVE algorithm, Z-PRNG is designed based on the 3D SCL-HMC hyperchaotic map. Firstly, encapsulated byte sequence payloads (EBSPs) are extracted from the video bitstream. Secondly, random numbers of the Zipf distribution are generated by Z-PRNG, and they are used to randomly select encrypted data from each EBSP. Lastly, the extracted data are encrypted by AES-CTR to obtain the encrypted video. Compared with existing algorithms, the encryption position is more flexible, and the key space is further enhanced. The high efficiency video coding (HEVC) video and the advanced video coding (AVC) video are taken as examples to test the PSVE algorithm. The analysis results show that the proposed scheme can effectively resist common attacks, and its time complexity is much less than most existing algorithms.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Video Encryption Algorithm Based on the Pseudorandom Number Generator of Zipf Distribution

Chen

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

Security and Communication Networks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Meanwhile, it performed a series operation of analysis, extraction, encryption, and encoding on the H.264 bitstream, so it can be classified as the BOE method. References [3,18,23] proposed a similar encryption method for H.264 bitstream, which retained the 'header' information of the H.264 bitstream and encrypted the rest of the data. When the type of 'header' is revised as unspecific, the encrypted bitstream will be bypassed without decoding to maintain format compatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and ARM-Based Implementation of Bitstream-Oriented Chaotic Encryption Scheme for H.264/AVC Video

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Entropy

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In actual application scenarios of the real-time video confidential communication, encrypted videos must meet three performance indicators: security, real-time, and format compatibility. To satisfy these requirements, an improved bitstream-oriented encryption (BOE) method based chaotic encryption for H.264/AVC video is proposed. Meanwhile, an ARM-embedded remote real-time video confidential communication system is built for experimental verification in this paper. Firstly, a 4-D self-synchronous chaotic stream cipher algorithm with cosine anti-controllers (4-D SCSCA-CAC) is designed to enhance the security. The algorithm solves the security loopholes of existing self-synchronous chaotic stream cipher algorithms applied to the actual video confidential communication, which can effectively resist the combinational effect of the chosen-ciphertext attack and the divide-and-conquer attack. Secondly, syntax elements of the H.264 bitstream are analyzed in real-time. Motion vector difference (MVD) coefficients and direct-current (DC) components in Residual syntax element are extracted through the Exponential-Golomb decoding operation and entropy decoding operation based on the context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) mode, respectively. Thirdly, the DC components and MVD coefficients are encrypted by the 4-D SCSCA-CAC, and the encrypted syntax elements are re-encoded to replace the syntax elements of the original H.264 bitstream, keeping the format compatibility. Besides, hardware codecs and multi-core multi-threading technology are employed to improve the real-time performance of the hardware system. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed scheme, with the advantage of high efficiency and flexibility, can fulfill the requirement of security, real-time, and format compatibility simultaneously.

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H.264/AVC video encryption algorithm based on integer dynamic cross-coupling tent mapping model

Jin,

Jiandong,

Haoqiang

2023

Multimed Tools Appl

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Bitstream-Oriented Protection for the H.264/Scalable Video Coding (SVC)

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

An Efficient Video Encryption Algorithm Based on the Pseudorandom Number Generator of Zipf Distribution

An Efficient Video Encryption Algorithm Based on the Pseudorandom Number Generator of Zipf Distribution

Design and ARM-Based Implementation of Bitstream-Oriented Chaotic Encryption Scheme for H.264/AVC Video

H.264/AVC video encryption algorithm based on integer dynamic cross-coupling tent mapping model

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