Black carbon emissions from flaring in Russia in the period 2012–2017

Böttcher, Kristin; Paunu, Ville-Veikko; Kupiainen, Kaarle; Zhizhin, Mikhail; Matveev, Alexey S.; Savolahti, Mikko; Klimont, Zbigniew; Väätäinen, Sampsa; Lamberg, Heikki; Karvosenoja, Niko

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118390

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The gas flaring (FLR) sector includes emissions from oil and gas facilities. The methodology for obtaining emissions from FLR specifically over Russia has been improved in ECLIPSEv6 (Böttcher et al, 2021). Updates were based on new field-type-specific emission factors that were applied to Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) observations of the flared gas volume at individual flaring locations.…”

Section: Atmospheric Transport Model Coupling With Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siberian Arctic black carbon: gas flaring and wildfire impact

Popovicheva

Evangeliou

Kobelev³

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. As explained in the latest Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) report released in early 2021, the Arctic has warmed 3 times more quickly than the planet as a whole, as well as faster than previously thought. The Siberian Arctic is of great interest mainly because observations are sparse or largely lacking. A research aerosol station has been developed on Bely Island (Kara Sea) in western Siberia. Measurements of equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentrations were carried out at the “Island Bely” station continuously from August 2019 to November 2020. The source origin of the measured EBC and the main contributing sources were assessed using atmospheric transport modeling coupled with the most updated emission inventories for anthropogenic and biomass burning sources of BC. The obtained climatology for BC during the period of measurements showed an apparent seasonal variation with the highest concentrations between December and April (60 ± 92 ng m−3) and the lowest between June and September (18 ± 72 ng m−3), typical of the Arctic haze seasonality reported elsewhere. When air masses arrived at the station through the biggest oil and gas extraction regions of Kazakhstan, Volga-Ural, Komi, Nenets and western Siberia, BC contribution from gas flaring dominated over domestic, industrial and traffic sectors, ranging from 47 % to 68 %, with a maximum contribution in January. When air was transported from Europe during the cold season, emissions from transportation were more important. Accordingly, shipping emissions increased due to the touristic cruise activities and the ice retreat in summertime. Biomass burning (BB) played the biggest role between April and October, contributing 81 % at maximum in July. Long-range transport of BB aerosols appeared to induce large variability to the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) with values > 1.0 (excluding outliers). As regards the continental contribution to surface BC at the Island Bely station, Russian emissions dominated during the whole year, while European and Asian ones contributed up to 20 % in the cold period. Quantification of several pollution episodes showed an increasing trend in surface concentrations and frequency during the cold period as the station is directly in the Siberian gateway of the highest anthropogenic pollution sources to the Russian Arctic.

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Section: Atmospheric Transport Model Coupling With Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siberian Arctic black carbon: gas flaring and wildfire impact

Popovicheva

Evangeliou

Kobelev³

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/ 10.3390/rs13163078/s1, (References [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76]…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Gas Flaring in Russia with Multispectral VIIRS Nightfire

et al. 2021

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According to the data reported by the international and governmental agencies, the Russian Federation remains one of the world’s major associated petroleum gas (APG) flaring nations. In the past decade, numerous studies have shown the applicability of satellite-based methods to estimate gas flaring. New satellite-based observations might offer an insight in region-, company-, and site-specific gas flaring patterns, as the reported data are often incomplete. We provide a detailed catalog of the upstream and downstream gas flares and an in-depth analysis at the country, region, company and site level of the satellite monitoring results of flaring in Russia from 2012 to 2020. Our analysis is based on the VIIRS Nightfire data and validated against high-resolution daytime satellite images and geographical and geological metadata published by the oil and gas companies and the Russian government. Gas flaring volumes in Russia are estimated to average at 23 billion cubic meters (BCM) annually (15% of global flaring), with 19 BCM (82% on national scale) corresponding to the oil upstream flaring, which has been subject to heavy government regulations since 2013. Despite initially dropping, observed flaring volumes have been on the climb since 2018. We are able to monitor seasonal variations, accidents in gas processing and to track the activities to reduce gas flaring. An effect of gas composition on the flare temperature is reported for oil and gas fields in Russia.

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“…Commonly used data for proxies include land cover, road network, and population density data (Geng et al, 2017;Trombetti et al, 2018). Other data sources include satellite observations, for example, for flaring or wildfire emissions, where the emission calculation can also be based on the same data (Böttcher et al, 2021;McCarty et al, 2012). Other, less common, data are also used, such as night-time lights (Zheng et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution emission inventory using national high-resolution spatial parameters for the Nordic countries and analysis of PM_2.5 spatial distribution for road transport and machinery and off-road sectors

Paunu,

Karvosenoja,

Segersson

et al. 2024

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Air pollution is an important cause of adverse health effects, even in the Nordic countries, which have relatively good air quality. Modelling-based air quality assessment of the health impacts relies on reliable model estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations, which furthermore rely on good-quality spatially resolved emission data. While quantitative emission estimates are the cornerstone of good emission data, description of the spatial distribution of the emissions is especially important for local air quality modelling at high resolution. In this paper we present a new air pollution emission inventory for the Nordic countries with high-resolution spatial allocation (1 km × 1 km) covering the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2012, and 2014. The inventory is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10571094 (Paunu et al., 2023). To study the impact of applying national data and methods to the spatial distribution of the emissions, we compared road transport and machinery and off-road sectors to CAMS-REGv4.2, which used a consistent spatial distribution method throughout Europe for each sector. Road transport is a sector with well-established proxies for spatial distribution, while for the machinery and off-road sector, the choice of proxies is not as straightforward as it includes a variety of different type of vehicles and machines operating in various environments. We found that CAMS-REGv4.2 was able to produce similar spatial patterns to our Nordic inventory for the selected sectors. However, the resolution of our Nordic inventory allows for more detailed impact assessment than CAMS-REGv4.2, which had a resolution of 0.1° × 0.05° (longitude–latitude, roughly 5.5 km × 3.5–6.5 km in the Nordic countries). The EMEP/EEA Guidebook chapter on spatial mapping of emissions has recommendations for the sectoral proxies. Based on our analysis we argue that the guidebook should have separate recommendations for proxies for several sub-categories of the machinery and off-road sectors, instead of including them within broader sectors. We suggest that land use data are the best starting point for proxies for many of the subsectors, and they can be combined with other suitable data to enhance the spatial distribution. For road transport, measured traffic flow data should be utilized where possible, to support modelled data in the proxies.

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Black carbon emissions from flaring in Russia in the period 2012–2017

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Siberian Arctic black carbon: gas flaring and wildfire impact

Siberian Arctic black carbon: gas flaring and wildfire impact

Measuring Gas Flaring in Russia with Multispectral VIIRS Nightfire

Air pollution emission inventory using national high-resolution spatial parameters for the Nordic countries and analysis of PM_2.5 spatial distribution for road transport and machinery and off-road sectors

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Black carbon emissions from flaring in Russia in the period 2012–2017

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Siberian Arctic black carbon: gas flaring and wildfire impact

Siberian Arctic black carbon: gas flaring and wildfire impact

Measuring Gas Flaring in Russia with Multispectral VIIRS Nightfire

Air pollution emission inventory using national high-resolution spatial parameters for the Nordic countries and analysis of PM2.5 spatial distribution for road transport and machinery and off-road sectors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Air pollution emission inventory using national high-resolution spatial parameters for the Nordic countries and analysis of PM_2.5 spatial distribution for road transport and machinery and off-road sectors