Black carbon in PM2.5, data from two urban sites in Guadalajara, Mexico during 2008

Potential Sources of Trace Metals and Ionic Species in PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico: A Case Study during Dry Season

“…Nevertheless, spatial variation must also be taken into account before emission control actions, since the PM 2.5 average air concentrations˘standard deviation found in Miravalle (58.0˘13.0 µg¨m´3) were, on average, higher than those recorded in the Centro site (39.3˘12.0 µg¨m´3). Saldarriaga-Noreña et al [27] and Limon-Sanchez [34] similarly observed this spatial trend in May-Jun 2007 and 2008 in Guadalajara, indicating that, over that period, there has not been an effective action to mitigate this air pollution issue.…”

“…Since NH 4 + formation on particles responds to variations in environmental conditions and availability of precursors [59], the similar atmospheric conditions found in Centro and Miravalle during the study suggested that the highest average atmospheric concentration of ammonium in Miravalle could be controlled by factors other than temperature and relative humidity. Therefore, there could be a contribution by secondary particles transported from traveled areas situated to the southeast; although the volcanic hill is a geographic barrier for the air mass from that direction (southwest), its elevation and the geography of the area could be causing some turbulence and channeling of winds near the study area [34].…”

Long term studies on characteristics of black carbon aerosols over a tropical urban station Pune, India

“…Tiwari et al (2009) have also reported mean BC concentration of 14 μg/m 3 and that of PM 2.5 particles as 97 μg/m 3 ; indicating about 14% contribution of BC to fine size aerosols over Delhi. Limon-Sanchez et al (2011) have reported less than 10% BC contribution to fine size particles at urban locations in Mexico. A comprehensive review on observations on PM in Europe (Pataud et al, 2004) has reported that BC contributed 5-10% to PM 2.5 and somewhat less to PM 10 at all the measurement sites, including the natural background sites however, its contribution increased to 15-20% at some of the kerbside sites.…”

Analysis of Criteria Air Pollutant Trends in Three Mexican Metropolitan Areas

“…Data used in the present analysis were from stations equipped with monitors of CO, NO 2 (24) and PM 10 (14), where numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of stations. These stations are classified based on their location: urban (23 in the MCMA, 8 in the GMA and 4 in the MMA), sub-urban (5 in the MCMA and 1 in the MMA), industrial-urban (1 in the MCMA), downtown (1 in the MCMA) and traffic (a station located within 1 km from major traffic roads; 2 in the MCMA).…”

“…In the GMA, Davydova-Belitskaya et al [11,12] investigated characteristic climate patterns, the efficiency of the air-monitoring network, and the impact of industrial emissions in the period 1994-1996; Ramirez-Sanchez et al [13] studied the spatial-temporal distribution of criteria pollutants from 2000 to 2005, reporting mainly the numbers of days exceeding the norms, averages and monthly maximums; further, Limon-Sanchez et al [14] measured the concentration of black carbon (BC) in particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in 2008 at 2 air monitoring stations. In the MMA, the high level of particulate matter has been of great concern.…”