Black diamond for solar energy conversion

Calvani, P.; Bellucci, A.; Girolami, M.; Orlando, S.; Valentini, Veronica; Polini, Riccardo; Trucchi, Daniele M.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.017

Cited by 77 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition to these well‐known properties, a new one was recently introduced, i.e., the possibility for a natively transparent diamond to become “black” by performing a laser‐induced surface texturing at the nanoscale . Black diamond, in a similar way as “black silicon”, shows excellent optical absorption capabilities in the visible and infrared range of the solar spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a few words, understanding the impact of laser parameters on black diamond properties is the first step to validate its use as active material for PETE solar cells. In previous works, where the very first black diamond samples for PETE cathodes were introduced, a laser wavelength λ fs = 800 nm was used, mainly because it is the typical operating wavelength of the Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers usually employed for diamond microstructuring and processing . Our aim, in the present work, is to investigate the impact of a reduced femtosecond laser wavelength ( λ fs = 400 nm) on the morphological, structural, optical, and photoelectronic properties of black diamond, in order to refine the knowledge on laser‐induced defect engineering of CVD diamond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Laser Wavelength on the Optical and Electronic Properties of Black Diamond

Girolami

Bellucci

Mastellone

et al. 2017

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Black diamond, obtained by femtosecond laser treatment of natively transparent diamond, is a promising material for solar applications. The enhancement of the interaction between the active material and the solar spectrum is obtained by a controlled texturing of the diamond surface at the nanoscale, the impact of which on the optical and electronic properties of the bulk material is strongly influenced by the laser parameters. In this work, the properties of black diamond samples obtained by using two different laser wavelengths (400 and 800 nm) are compared, showing that texturing periodicity (80 and 170 nm, respectively) is strictly related to the laser wavelength used. Conversely, a unique optimal accumulated absorbed laser fluence (2.10 kJ/cm²) demonstrated to return the best results in terms of responsivity in the solar spectrum, regardless of the wavelength used for laser treatment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Laser Wavelength on the Optical and Electronic Properties of Black Diamond

Girolami

Bellucci

Mastellone

et al. 2017

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…The surface texturing is also electronically active: since periodic structures are equivalent to periodic defect states in an ideal crystal, they can add additional energy levels within the diamond bandgap. A significant photoelectric enhancement is demonstrated in [9], where a responsivity increase of two orders of magnitude was measured in surfacetextured samples compared to the pristine ones. Some words have to be spent about the importance of the surface periodic structure, since the additional energy levels depend from its morphology control, both in terms of density and energy position within the bandgap.…”

Section: Design Of the Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…the absorptance integrated over all the solar spectrum) > 90 % [8,18]. In addition to a pure optical trapping mechanism, the surface texturing introduces in the diamond bandgap a broad peak of defect energy states acting as traps [9]. The traps are able to interact with photons with energy smaller than diamond bandgap by promoting electrons into the conduction band, thus allowing for an operating shift towards the visible range.…”

Section: Implementation Of the Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Defect engineering of diamond cathodes for high temperature solar cells

Bellucci

Calvani

Girolami

2015

2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC)

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A cathode structure for photon-enhanced thermionic emission was designed for high temperature energy conversion in solar concentrating systems. Surface-hydrogenated diamond is one of the few semiconductors to show negative electron affinity and a work function as low as 1.7 eV if nitrogendoped, that is connected to a significant thermionic emission at moderate temperatures (up to 800 °C). But diamond is transparent to solar radiation, consequently advanced techniques for preparing an efficient sunlight absorbing diamond are discussed.

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“…30 Interesting alternatives are low-work-function nanocrystalline, 31 polycrystalline, 32 and black diamond fi lms, 33 , 34 based on surface nanotexturing to improve the optical and photoelectronic interaction of diamond with sunlight. 35 …”

Section: Thermionic Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-emission materials: Advances, applications, and models

Trucchi

Melosh

2017

MRS Bull.

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Electron emission represents the key mechanism enabling the development of devices that have revolutionized modern science and technology. Today, science still relies on advanced electron-emission devices for imaging, electronics, sensing, and high-energy physics. New generations of emission devices are continuously being improved based on innovative materials and the introduction of novel physical concepts. Recent advances are highlighted by emerging low-work-function and low-dimensional materials with unusual electronic and thermal properties. Nanotubes, nanowires, graphene, and electron-emission models are discussed in this issue, as well as original mechanisms, such as the thermoelectronic effect, thermionic emission, and heat trap processes. Advances in electron-emission materials and physics are driving a renaissance in the fi eld, both opening up new applications, such as energy conversion and ultrafast electronics, as well as improving traditional applications in electron imaging and high-energy science. ELECTRON-EMISSION MATERIALS: ADVANCES, APPLICATIONS, AND MODELS 489MRS BULLETIN • VOLUME 42 • JULY 2017 • www.mrs.org/bulletin thermionic, and fi eld electron emission, or combinations of one or more of these. Each particular physical stimulus necessitates cathode materials with physical properties specifi cally engineered for optimal performance. This section will present an overview of the latest results on the development of advanced materials and related applications, categorized by the specifi c type of electron emission. Photoemission and secondary electron emissionPhotomultipliers remain the lowest noise, highest sensitivity, and fastest imaging systems. Used, for instance, in fl uorescence and laser scanning confocal microcopy, they exploit electron emission from a photocathode and, successively, secondary emissions from electron multiplying stages. Photons to be detected induce the emission of electrons from a material, usually a thin layer in transmission mode. The emitted electron can be accelerated in a vacuum tube by an electric fi eld toward an electron multiplier stage composed of a set of dynodes, which are basic components that emit several low-energy electrons (secondary electrons) when one high-energy electron (primary electron) impinges on their surfaces. Figure 2 shows two common photomultiplier confi gurations. The sensitivity of photocathodes depends on the energy of impinging photons. Consequently, it is not possible to defi ne the best possible photoemission material for a wide range of optical wavelengths.III-V semiconductors with a bandgap engineered according to the corresponding photon energy band are the preferred solution for detecting visible and infrared (IR) radiation; these are also characterized by ultrafast response.4 Cesium-coated GaAs operates at wavelengths up to 930 nm, whereas InGaAs extends the IR range up to 1700 nm. Ag-O-Cs materials are also used for visible-IR detection, with a preferred use in the near-IR region due to a higher sensitivity.5 Multi-alkali-b...

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Black diamond for solar energy conversion

Cited by 77 publications

References 34 publications

Impact of Laser Wavelength on the Optical and Electronic Properties of Black Diamond

Impact of Laser Wavelength on the Optical and Electronic Properties of Black Diamond

Defect engineering of diamond cathodes for high temperature solar cells

Electron-emission materials: Advances, applications, and models

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