Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey

Şirin, Ümit; Çalışkan, Hakan; Şahin, Yalçın

doi:10.3897/bdj.3.e4834

Cited by 697 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…S. pseudequinum, which is abundantly known from all Mediterranean countries, except for Egypt [36], and which is one of the most common black fly species in the palearctic region, has, for the first time, been found in Cameroon in three collection points (Menchum Falls, Mawong River and IRAD Bamenda). Sequences were deposited in the GenBank (see supplementary file).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Africa and Europe by using mitochondrial Cox1 and nuclear ITS2 markers

Kamtsap,

Ngoufo,

Ekale

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Black flies are present worldwide and are represented by 2,348 species (2,331 living species and 17 fossils) classified under 31 genera. In Africa, 124 species of black flies have been described, of which 55 are known to occur in Cameroon. However, these identifications are all based on morphology and, for S. damnosum only, on cytotaxonomic studies. Little has yet been achieved by modern molecular genetic techniques. In this study, we have applied DNA-based techniques to investigate the diversity and evolution of Simulium flies to improve vector control. Methods Simulium larvae and pupae were randomly collected from various Simulium breeding sites in rivers from five countries (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Tunisia, Nigeria and Germany). Adult Simulium flies were caught on humans in Cameroon, Nigeria and Ethiopia. Pupal gills were examined and photographed in a drop of polyvinyl-lactophenol. Genomic DNA was extracted and the CoxI and ITS2 genes were targeted by the polymerase chain reaction. The amplification products were sequenced and trees were drawn. Sequences were refined using Geneious Prime and evolutionary analyses were conducted in Mega-X 10.5. Results More than 54 sample collections were included in this study, of which about 1,000 individual larvae, pupae or adult flies from the various sites were examined. Twenty-five species were identified on the basis of their morphology and DNA-sequencing: Simulium damnosum s.l.; S. unicornutum; S. katangae; S. hisurtum; S. cervicornutum; S. schoutedeni; S. alcocki; S. dentulosum (A; B and C); S. ruficorne; S. hargreavesi v. medusaeforme; S. hargreavesi; S. adersi; S. pseudequinum; S. (Eusimulium) latipes; S. (Odagmia) ornatum; S. (Wilhelmia) equinum; S. vorax; S. nigritarsis duboisi; S. kenyae; S. velutinum; S. aureum; S. angustipes; S. bovis; S. tuberosum; S. rodhaini). Sequences of the previously undescribed species are deposited in GenBank. Conclusions We show, for the first time, the relationship between the morphology and molecular data of some black flies from Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tunisia and Germany. These data are important for understanding the transmission and life-cycles of Simulium-borne parasites: Moreover, knowledge concerning the various members of the S. damnosum complex in the rainforest and savannah is a prerequisite for the successful elimination of the parasite Onchocerca volvulus in Africa.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Africa and Europe by using mitochondrial Cox1 and nuclear ITS2 markers

Kamtsap,

Ngoufo,

Ekale

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Species level hidden diversity within morphospecies: Anatolia-based evolution and cryptic species diversity in the Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Kaya,

Fidan,

Küçükyetim

et al. 2024

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Cryptic species are black boxes of taxonomy and need to be addressed with an integrative taxonomic approach. Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) may contain a substantial amount of cryptic species diversity due to its large cross-continental distribution and habitat-based canalization in taxonomic characters. Except for Simulium sergenti, the following six species Simulium equinum, Simulium paraequinum, Simulium pseudequinum, Simulium turgaicum, Simulium balcanicum, and Simulium lineatum are the most widely distributed species of the subgenus Wilhelmia in the Palearctic region. However, the conspecific diversity and evolutionary history of these species are not yet well understood. In this study, therefore, we used mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS1-2 sequences to perform species delimitation tests, and demographic and phylogeographic analyses to understand candidate species and evolutionary history of the seven species. While our results did not support the species status of S. balcanicum, S. turgaicum, and S. lineatum, it did suggest several candidate species within S. equinum and S. pseudequinum. Molecular clock analysis revealed that significant branching events occurred in the Pliocene, and demographic fluctuations in the populations occurred intensely during the Pleistocene. Overall, the results indicated that Anatolia has served as a significant refugium for ancestral haplotypes, and it is an important dispersal corridor between the eastern and western Palearctic for Wilhelmia species.

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The Distributional Data of Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) Species in Yeşilirmak River (Turkey)

Başören

Kazancı

2015

Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research

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Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey

Cited by 697 publications

References 15 publications

Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Africa and Europe by using mitochondrial Cox1 and nuclear ITS2 markers

Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Africa and Europe by using mitochondrial Cox1 and nuclear ITS2 markers

Species level hidden diversity within morphospecies: Anatolia-based evolution and cryptic species diversity in the Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

The Distributional Data of Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) Species in Yeşilirmak River (Turkey)

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