Black Phosphorene Modified Electrochemical Sensor for Fast Determination of 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural in Milk

Abstract

The fast detection of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) in food industry is vital because of its toxicity and mutagenicity. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with black phosphorene (BP) nanosheets was prepared and coated with Nafion to improve stability. The electrode has excellent electrochemical stability and current response for HMF electroreduction. The good linear relationship is in the concentration range of 0.1–10 μg/mL with the detection limit of 0.012 μg/mL. HMF electroreduction is a diffusion‐controlled process involving two electrons and two protons. The sensor was successfully applied to the measurement of HMF in milk with the recovery values of 92.92 %–96.33 %.

Voltammetric Determination of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in Processed Cheese Using an Easy-Made and Economic Integrated 3D Graphene-like Electrode

“…As shown in Figure 5 , the reduction peak current of HMF increases with the increase of the scan rate and is linear with the square root of the scan rate in the range of 10~500 mV s −1 , while the reduction peak potential shifts negatively ( Figure 5 A). The regression equation between the I p,c and the square root of the scan rate is as follows ( Figure 5 B): I p = 79.31–1109 v 1/2 (R 2 = 0.9919), indicating a typical diffusion-controlled electrochemical process involving two electrons and two protons ( Scheme 1 ) [ 30 ].…”

“…However, there are few reports on the quantitative determination of HMF in real samples by the electrochemical method, especially based on electrodes modified with nanomaterials [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Very recently, we reported the successful determination of HMF in milk by a black phosphorene nanosheets (BP)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) [ 30 ]. Although this electrochemical method is simple and sensitive, the drop-casting preparation of BP on GCE leads to instability of the sensing signal.…”