“…BP offers advantages such as low toxicity, tunable band gap, and facile functionalization. , In 2018, we first proposed that BP possessed CL properties and developed analytical platforms for explosives and reactive radicals. − However, practical applications of BP in CL sensing were limited by relatively weak emission and an unknown intrinsic luminescence mechanism. Fortunately, recent experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations have revealed that modifying the electronic structure of BP can significantly enhance electron transfer efficiency, leading to superior photoelectric performance. , Furthermore, by modulating the band gap and surface oxygen vacancies, the CL efficiency of BP was significantly enhanced, enabling effective analysis of pollutants. , Active lattice oxygen (O latt ), an important ROS in metal oxide semiconductors, plays a crucial role in enhancing the catalytic activity and luminescence properties . Moreover, Jia’s group demonstrated that transition ions such as cobalt (Co), functionalized nanomaterials, represented an ideal approach to regulate O latt and introduce additional chemical units due to their remarkable active 3d electrons, abundance, and cost-effectiveness .…”