In this study, an organic semiconductor molecule of 2-(2,6-bis((E)-2-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-4H-pyran-4ylidene)malononitrile (CZ-DCM) with hyperconjugated "D-π-A-π-D" electron distribution, near-infrared emission, and a large Stokes shift of 190 nm was successfully prepared by the Knoevenagel reaction of 2-(2,6-dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile with 5-(9H-carbazol-9yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and transient photocurrent measurements demonstrated the semiconducting behavior of CZ-DCM. Subsequently, the Friedel−Crafts reaction of CZ-DCM with octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) was carried out to prepare a novel hybrid network (PCS-CZ-DCM) with a high surface area of 954 m 2 g −1 and a large pore volume of 0.96 cm 3 g −1 , which also showed semiconducting behavior. PCS-CZ-DCM exhibited a regulatable near-IR-luminescence sensitivity to berberine chloride hydrate (BCH), which was not influenced by other antibiotics. It displayed a good pH stability ranging from 2 to 11, and the fluorescence quenching constant K SV was 2.1 × 10 4 M −1 . Moreover, PCS-CZ-DCM exhibited excellent photodegradation activity for antibiotics without additional oxidation agents or pH adjustments. PCS-CZ-DCM was highly stable and can be easily regenerated. After seven cycles, the removal rate was still maintained as high as 85%. Thus, we realized concurrent detection and degradation of BCH. ESR analysis proved that the superoxide radical (•O 2 − ) had a significant impact on the photocatalytic system of PCS-CZ-DCM. The outstanding results using PCS-CZ-DCM demonstrated its potential for the control of antibiotic pollutants in environmental applications.

Two silsesquioxane-based hybrid porous polymers (PcsM and PcsH) were easily synthesized by the Friedel−Crafts reaction of tetraphenylporphyrin derivative (HTPP and MnTPP) with octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) applying AlCl 3 as catalyst. A series of characterization results demonstrate that the materials have been successfully prepared. PcsM and PcsH act as effective catalysts to selectively oxidize styrene to styrene oxide with oxygen as a green and economical oxidant. The effects of reaction conditions on the reaction activity, such as reaction energy, reaction time, solvent type, catalyst dosage, etc., were systematically discussed. Under optimized conditions, the conversion rate of styrene was 99.9%, and the yield of styrene oxide could reach 80.6%. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of selective oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide using PcsM as a catalyst is reasonably proposed. Importantly, PcsM shows an excellent recyclable performance.

β-Alkoxyalcohols generated from epoxide ring-opening reactions are significant due to their enormous value as pharmaceutical intermediates and fine chemicals. Using a phenyl-substituted double-decker-type silsesquioxane as the precursor, a hybrid porous material (PCS-DDSQ) was synthesized through a Scholl coupling reaction with an AlCl3 catalyst. Then, novel excellent Brønsted acid-derived silsesquioxane solid catalysts (PCS-DDSQ-SO3H-x) were successfully obtained through an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of chlorosulfonic acid on phenyl rings of PCS-DDSQ, fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption, water contact angle, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model, thermogravimetric analysis, and solid-state 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The catalytic behavior of the PCS-DDSQ-SO3H-x with different SO3H loadings for the methanolysis of styrene oxide was compared and evaluated. The presence of SO3H groups endows them with excellent catalytic abilities, achieving the highest values from PCS-DDSQ-SO3H-1 (the acid site of its catalyst is 1.84 mmol/g) as 99% conversion and 100% selectivity for the methanolysis of styrene oxide in 30 min, which shows superior catalytic properties of low dosage and high efficiency. Furthermore, the PCS-DDSQ-SO3H-1 catalyst can maintain high activity and selectivity after three cycles. This study provides a feasible method for the preparation of Brønsted solid acid catalysts with different acid loadings by introducing the sulfonic group into PCS-DDSQ.

Porous hybrid polymers have a vast range of prospects in the field of environmental restoration because of their excellent comprehensive performances in recent years. Two types of porous silsesquioxane/triazine hybrid polymers (PCS-TPH-1, PCS-TPH and PCS-TSA-1, PCS-TSA) were prepared by the Friedel–Crafts reaction with different ratios of phenyl- or thiophene-substituted triazine monomers and octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS). PCS-TPH and PCS-TSA with higher specific surface areas were selected to probe their adsorption capacities for dyes and iodine vapor. Relative to PCA-TSA, PCS-TPH with a large specific surface area and a high mesoporous ratio preferred to adsorb large-sized Congo Red (CR) and rhodamine (RB) with absorption capacities of 935 and 1180 mg g–1, respectively. Under the combined action of heteroatoms and specific surface areas, PCS-TPH and PCA-TSA showed a similar I2 adsorption amount of ∼2.4 g g–1. In addition, due to the effect of charge transfer, the resulting materials can specifically respond to I2 among many other different types of anions.

It is highly desirable to develop facile methods to improve the processability of porous materials for industrial applications. Herein, the preparation of a novel near‐infrared emitting hybrid aerogel (PCS‐CA) is reported by physically blending a porous material with chitosan. The applied porous material (PCS‐CZ‐O‐DCM) is obtained from a near‐infrared emission semiconductor compound (CZ‐O‐DCM) and octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS). PCS‐CZ‐O‐DCM can detect tetracycline hydrochloride selectively and rapidly in various solution with an extremely low detection limit of 0.29 µm for fluorescence quenching. It also exhibits an outstanding sunlight‐driven photodegradation activity for antibiotics even in the absence of additional oxidation agents or pH control. PCS‐CA also performs better than PCS‐CZ‐O‐DCM powder. A PCS‐CA‐based glass device is further fabricated, which enables a larger amount of water purification of antibiotics by a continuous flow‐through system by light‐driven degradation. By blending with a soft polymer matrix, improved processability can be applied to insoluble porous materials. As a result, a novel functional devices can be realized which provides a new way to apply insoluble porous materials.