Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Near-Infrared Emitting Porous Polymer for Detection and Photodegradation of Antibiotics

Abstract

In this study, an organic semiconductor molecule of 2-(2,6-bis((E)-2-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-4H-pyran-4ylidene)malononitrile (CZ-DCM) with hyperconjugated "D-π-A-π-D" electron distribution, near-infrared emission, and a large Stokes shift of 190 nm was successfully prepared by the Knoevenagel reaction of 2-(2,6-dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile with 5-(9H-carbazol-9yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and transient photocurrent measurements demonstrated the semiconducting behavior of CZ-DCM. Subsequently, the Friedel−Crafts reaction of CZ-DCM with octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) was carried out to prepare a novel hybrid network (PCS-CZ-DCM) with a high surface area of 954 m 2 g −1 and a large pore volume of 0.96 cm 3 g −1 , which also showed semiconducting behavior. PCS-CZ-DCM exhibited a regulatable near-IR-luminescence sensitivity to berberine chloride hydrate (BCH), which was not influenced by other antibiotics. It displayed a good pH stability ranging from 2 to 11, and the fluorescence quenching constant K SV was 2.1 × 10 4 M −1 . Moreover, PCS-CZ-DCM exhibited excellent photodegradation activity for antibiotics without additional oxidation agents or pH adjustments. PCS-CZ-DCM was highly stable and can be easily regenerated. After seven cycles, the removal rate was still maintained as high as 85%. Thus, we realized concurrent detection and degradation of BCH. ESR analysis proved that the superoxide radical (•O 2 − ) had a significant impact on the photocatalytic system of PCS-CZ-DCM. The outstanding results using PCS-CZ-DCM demonstrated its potential for the control of antibiotic pollutants in environmental applications.

Design of g‐C3N4/BaBiO3 Heterojunction Nanocomposites for Photodegradation of an Organic Dye and Diclofenac Sodium under Visible Light via Interfacial Charge Transfer

“…Since the E VB of g‐CN (1.57 eV) is lower than the redox potential of H 2 O/OH⋅ (2.38 eV vs NHE), therefore photogenerated holes are unable to produce hydroxy radicals (OH⋅) from H 2 O through a direct oxidation pathway. Therefore, OH⋅ radicals play a very minor role in degrading the pollutants [61] . The transfer of a photoexcited electron from one semiconductor to another reduces charge carrier recombination, allowing a greater number of electron‐hole pairs to reach the surface and aiding in activity enhancement.…”

“…Therefore, OH * radicals play a very minor role in degrading the pollutants. [61] The transfer of a photoexcited electron from one semiconductor to another reduces charge carrier recombination, allowing a greater number of electron-hole pairs to reach the surface and aiding in activity enhancement. Similarly, the photogenerated holes (h + ) are transferred from the valance band edge potential (E VB ) of BBO to the E VB of g-CN.…”

Tailoring the physical properties of hybrid magnetic quinuclidine-based plastic compoundsviaweak interactions

“…Among these materials, those presenting above RT plastic phases are especially desirable and, in particular, those combining plastic and ferroelectric phases, as they could present a small coercive electric field, allowing switchable polarisation with relatively low voltages and highfrequency performance. These plastic phases are generally triggered by temperature-induced motions and they allow the materials to flow under stress, which favours the manufacture of thin-films with the possibility of controlling their properties through the application of strain engineering in conventional and unconventional ways, 6 boosting their use in energy harvesting, storage energy, 7 catalysis, 8 or medicine, 9 among others. Even today, it can be challenging to predict which combinations of cations and anions will result in plastic crystalline materials, despite the fact that plastic crystals were first reported in the 1960s.…”

Au Nanoparticles in Silsesquioxane-Based Hybrid Networks by Simultaneous Recovery and Reduction of Au(III) in Wastewater

“…Further, the hybrid materials derived from SQs act not only as adsorbents but also as catalysts simultaneously. For example, our group synthesized two SQ-based semiconducting porous polymers, which exhibited high adsorption capacity and photocatalytic degradation of dyes or antibiotics. , By far, novel construction units and simple, mild preparation routes are still being explored to expand SQ-based materials. , …”

“…For example, our group synthesized two SQ-based semiconducting porous polymers, which exhibited high adsorption capacity and photocatalytic degradation of dyes or antibiotics. 51,52 By far, novel construction units and simple, mild preparation routes are still being explored to expand SQ-based materials. 53,54 Mild conditions, a fast reaction rate, and no additional catalyst make the amine−ene reaction of polyamine with the acrylate group to be a facile route to prepare functional Scheme 1.…”