Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract attenuates hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet via fatty acid oxidation

Abstract

BackgroundTwo major risk factors for the onset of fatty liver disease are excessive alcohol intake and obesity, the latter being associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of black rice extract (BRE) on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice, providing a model of NAFLD.MethodsTwenty-four mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 in each group): normal fat diet (ND), high fat diet (HF), and high fat diet supplemented with 1% (w/w) BRE (HF +1% BRE). The experimental diets were fed for seven weeks.ResultsA HF induced hepatic steatosis with significant increases in the serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and insulin. By contrast, supplementary BRE (10 g/kg of diet) included in the HF alleviated hepatic steatosis and significantly decreased serum TG and TC levels (p < 0.01 for both). Dietary BRE also increased expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1A), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), cytochrome P450 (CYP4A10), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsDietary BRE supplementation improved serum lipid profiles and significantly enhanced mRNA expression levels of fatty acid metabolism-related genes, primarily via β-oxidation and ω-oxidation in the liver. Taken together, these findings suggest that a BRE-supplemented diet could be useful in reducing the risks of hepatic steatosis and related disorders, including hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

Obese Mice Fed a Diet Supplemented with Enzyme-Treated Wheat Bran Display Marked Shifts in the Liver Metabolome Concurrent with Altered Gut Bacteria

“…These enzymes have been shown to increase hepatic lipid oxidation in mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis that lack the main hepatic cytochrome lipid-metabolizing enzyme Cyp2e1 (57). In addition, mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with brown rice extract (58) or quercetin (59) displayed increased hepatic gene expression of Cyp4a10 along with decreased serum and liver TGs and increased levels of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. Hepatic gene expression levels of Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 in this study correlated with a variety of liver metabolites (Figure 6), including a strong negative correlation with glucose.…”

Selection and field evaluation to increase yield and quality of several black rice accessions

“…Yodmanee, et al, (2011) reported that anthocyanin content of black rice accessions of BWR-96025 and BWR-96044 (about 129 and 245 mg Cy-3-glc/100 g respectively), are very much higher than anthocyanin content of brown rice accession of RWR-96060 (16.69 mg Cy-3-glc/100 g). Scientists have proven that black-rice and its anthocyanin pigment fraction called as BRF could exert cardio-protective effect on coronary heart diseases (Wang et al, 2007), reducing the risk of hepatic steatosis and blood glucose level (Jang et al, 2012), enhancing stabilization of apolipoprotein inhibit low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and reducing blood glucose level (Xia et. al., 2016).…”

Physicochemical Properties of Indonesian Pigmented Rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) Varieties from South Sulawesi

“…Pigmented rice has been reported to contain pigments, gammaoryzanol, phitic acid, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and the other compounds. The majority of the compounds are antioxidant components (Chakuton et al, 2012;Abdel-Aal et al, 2006;Park et al, 2008) and responsible to the rice properties as an antimutagenic (Sadabpod et al, 2010), anti-lipid peroxidation (Sangkitikomol et al, 2010a); ROS and NO suppressor (Hu et al, 2003), anti-inflammatory (Saenjum et al, 2012), aldose reductase inhibitor (Yawadio et al, 2007), cholesterol absorption inhibitor (Yao et al, 2013) and anti-hepatic steatosis (Jang et al, 2012).…”