A B S T R A C T Pigmented Rice (PR) is one of the valuable food crops used in indigenous medicine.Thirteen PR varieties were collected from 3 climatic zones of South Sulawesi, Indonesia and analyzed for grain dimension, color and proximate composition. The PR were extracted using acidic ethanol and then measured their total phenolics, anthocyanins and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Grain size determination showed that the length of the rice was in the range of 5.60-6.82. There was no significant different (p>0.05) in rice length and length/width ratio. The colorimetric results indicated that the darkest black glutinous rice had the lowest brightness parameter L* value which was negatively correlated with its total anthocyanin (r = -0.673) and phenolic (r = -0.559) contents. Proximate analysis results showed that all of PR varieties fulfilled the water content limit (#14%). The total contents of ash, fat, protein, crude fiber and carbohydrate were in the range of 1. 19-2.13, 1.06-3.05, 7.24-14.02, 0.66-0.99 and 71.29-77.14%, respectively. The anthocyanin and phenolic contents of black glutinous rice extracts were in the range of 94.70-202.46 mg Cy-3-glc/100 g db and 292.74-746.25 mg GAE/100 g db, respectively, which were higher than the black rice (66.08-113.83 mg Cy-3-glc/100 g db and 119.74-230.10 mg GAE /100 g db) and the red rice (0-12.85 mg Cy-3-glc/100 g db and 12.52-64.52 mg GAE/100 g db). Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with total phenolic (r = 0.886) and anthocyanin (r = 0.650) compounds. The data suggests the potency of black glutinous rice as a part of nutraceutical product formulation.

Introduction: Antituberculosis drugs are associated with hepatic and renal toxicities due to drug’s radical metabolites. Kleinhovia hospita L extract possesses a potent antioxidant capacity that can be beneficial in eradication of oxidative-induced cell damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of K. hospita hydro-alcoholic extract on biomarkers and structure changes in liver and kidney induced by a combination of antituberculosis drugs (CAD), comprising isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were assigned into one of the five groups: control, CAD, and CAD with K. hospita extract in three different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). The extract was administered three hours prior to CAD and all treatments were carried out for 28 days. Following the last day of treatment, blood samples and organs were collected for biomarker analysis and histopathological examinations. Results: Twenty-eight days of CAD treatment in rats induced marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine and urea levels compared to controls. K. hospita extract at higher doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) significantly improved ALT, urea and creatinine levels in the rats treated with CAD (P<0.05), although it did not significantly reduce AST. Furthermore, liver and renal tissue damages induced by CAD were restored with K. hospita extract treatment, especially at higher doses. Conclusion: Kleinhovia hospita extract treatment has the potential to protect the liver and renal damage induced by toxic doses of CAD.

Introduction:The wood bark of Mezzetia parviflora Becc, has long served as one of the most important traditional herbal medicine sources in Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. M. parviflora extracts were rich in polyphenols. This study was aimed to explore the lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of polar extract of M. parviflora. Methods: The polar extract is the result of ethanol extract partition solved in acetone. The extract will keep polar components which are insoluble in acetone. Assayed methods applied are ß-carotene bleaching inhibition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) measurement, and continuous monitoring of conjugated dienes formation in LDL. Results: M. parviflora extract inhibit ß-carotene/ linoleic acid oxidation, showed by IC50 value of 15.83 µg/ml in 30th minute; but the potency will be reduced to IC50 value of 111.19 µg/ml and 225.07 µg/ml after the 60th and 120th minute of incubation. M. parviflora extract inhibit MDA formation as for linoleic acid peroxidation product until the third day; at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg/ml inhibit MDA formation as many as 29.16 ± 2.41%, 4.24% ± 43.27, 54.08 ± 2.87%, 59.88 ± 1.90%, and 69.75 ± 2.32%, respectively. M. parviflora extract at 50 µg/ml can inhibit LDL-oxidation induced by CuSO4, performed by LDL-oxidation lag-time elongation until 70 minutes, similar ability was performed by epigallocathecin gallate at 5 µg/ml. Conclusions: M. parviflora extract expressed relatively strong protection against lipid and LDL oxidation which can serve as the scientific basis of its development as a remedy for various diseases caused by lipid peroxidation.

The woodbark of Mezzetia parviflora Becc. (Annonaceae) used as traditional herbal remedies in Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which is traditionally used for tumor, asthma, cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus. The diseases have been linked to cellular damages due to free radical activity. Aims: The present study was aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of M. parviflora; furthermore to ascertain the physicochemical identity and major compound that responsible for extract's quality and activity. Methods and Material: The ethanolic extract of M. parviflora and its partition results which are acetone extract and insoluble in acetone extract were studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) method. Ascorbic acid was also evaluated for comparison. Thin layer chromatography and acid-buthanol assay were used to detect the presence of phenolic compounds. Results: All of the extracts were effectively scavenge the DPPH radical. The IC50 of insoluble in acetone extract, ethanolic extract, and acetone extract were 21.79, 30.22, 60.73, and 262.55 μg/ml, respectively. The insoluble in acetone extract show greater DPPH radical scavenging than ascorbic acid (IC50 30.22 μg/ml). Meanwhile, the extracts showed low scavenging activities on NO radical with IC50 of insoluble in acetone extract, and ethanolic extract were 229.09, and 316.23 μg/ml, respectively. The high percentage of phenolic condensed tannin in the insoluble in acetone extract i.e 26.46±0.315 μg/mg of extract (calculated as quebracho tannin) justify the potent antioxidant activity. Conclusions: Woodbark extracts of Mezzetia parviflora Becc. has potent antioxidant activity which is related to their condensed tannin content.

Senyawa radikal bebas merupakan produk samping dari metabolisme normal tubuh yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya oksidasi seperti kerusakan membran, modifikasi protein, kerusakan DNA, dan kematian sel.  Penggunaan antioksidan dapat meredam dan menangkap radikal bebas.  Tumbuhan yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yaitu kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan) dan bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L).  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol kayu secang dan kelopak bunga rosella menggunakan metode microplate 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol kayu secang dan bunga rosella dengan perbandingan 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, dan 0:1 berturut-turut sebesar 11,46; 12,34; 16,79; 19,93; dan 680,37 µg/ml, sedangkan nilai IC50 vitamin C sebesar 4,77 µg/ml (a<0,01).  Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tunggal bunga rosella (0:1) menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan vitamin C.  Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak kayu secang dan bunga rosella pada perbandingan 2:1, 1:1, dan 1:2 memiliki efek yang sinergi berdasarkan Nilai Indeks Kombinasi (CI<1).