Small bolus of 0.9% NaCl ALM improved survival and hemodynamics following nonhemorrhagic, asphyxial CA and corrected prolonged clot times and clot retraction compared with controls.

Background. Ketogenic diet has been used as supportive therapy in a range of conditions including epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of ketogenic diet on blood gas, hematological profiles, organ functions, and superoxide dismutase level in a rat model. Materials and Methods. Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and ketogenic (n = 7) groups. Controls received standard diet contained 52.20% of carbohydrates, 7.00% fat, and 15.25% protein; meanwhile, the ketogenic group received a high-fat-low-carbohydrate diet which contained 5.66% of carbohydrate, 86.19% fat, and 8.15% protein. All rats were caged individually and received 30g of either standard or high-fat-low-carbohydrate pellets. The experiment was carried out for 60 days before the blood samples were taken and analyzed to obtain blood gas, cell counts, organ biomarkers, and plasma antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Results. The rats subjected to ketogenic diet experienced a marked decrease in body weight, blood sugar, and increased blood ketones (p<0.05). The average blood pH was 7.36 ± 0.02 and base excess was −5.57 ± 2.39 mOsm/L, which were significantly lower than controls (p<0.05). Hematological analysis showed significantly lower erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. No significant changes were found in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels, indicating normal liver and kidney functions. Nevertheless, plasma SOD level significantly reduced with ketogenic diet. Conclusion. Long-term ketogenic diet induces metabolic acidosis, anemia, and reduced antioxidant enzyme level in rats following 60 days of consuming high-fat-low-carbohydrate diet.

Introduction: Antituberculosis drugs are associated with hepatic and renal toxicities due to drug’s radical metabolites. Kleinhovia hospita L extract possesses a potent antioxidant capacity that can be beneficial in eradication of oxidative-induced cell damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of K. hospita hydro-alcoholic extract on biomarkers and structure changes in liver and kidney induced by a combination of antituberculosis drugs (CAD), comprising isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were assigned into one of the five groups: control, CAD, and CAD with K. hospita extract in three different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). The extract was administered three hours prior to CAD and all treatments were carried out for 28 days. Following the last day of treatment, blood samples and organs were collected for biomarker analysis and histopathological examinations. Results: Twenty-eight days of CAD treatment in rats induced marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine and urea levels compared to controls. K. hospita extract at higher doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) significantly improved ALT, urea and creatinine levels in the rats treated with CAD (P<0.05), although it did not significantly reduce AST. Furthermore, liver and renal tissue damages induced by CAD were restored with K. hospita extract treatment, especially at higher doses. Conclusion: Kleinhovia hospita extract treatment has the potential to protect the liver and renal damage induced by toxic doses of CAD.

ABSTRAKPenyakit degenerative disebabkan karena antioksidan yang ada didalam tubuh tidak mampu menetralisir peningkatan konsentrasi radikal bebas, sehingga perlu adanya antioksidan dari luar untuk menghancurkan radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel. Kulit buah jeruk Bali merupakan salah satu tanaman yang diketahui memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang bersifat antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol kulit buah jeruk Bali. Identifikasi kandungan senyawa kimia dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, sedangkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penangkapan radikal 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dengan asam askorbat sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan esktrak etanol kulit buah jeruk Bali mengandung Flavanoid, Saponin, Alkaloid, Triterpenoid/Steroid, dan Tanin, sedangkan hasil uji kuantitatif fenolik total dan flavonoid total masing-masing diperoleh hasil 4,96% dan 0,34%. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit buah jeruk Bali dan asam askorbat masing-masing menunjukkan nilai IC50 574,02 bpj dan 4,63 bpj. Hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah jeruk Bali memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah jika dibandingkan asam askorbat. Masuk

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh madu trigona terhadap stress oksidatif pada tikus putih yang diinduksi statin untuk mencegah miotoksisitas melalui pengukuran kadar kreatin kinase (CK), malondialdehid (MDA), dan aktivitas superoksida dismutase (SOD). Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus jantan yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, terdiri dari 5 ekor tiap kelompok. Kelompok 1 merupakan kontrol yang hanya diberikan NaCMC 0,5%; kelompok 2 (induksi atorvastatin 20 mg/kgBB selama 3 minggu dan dilanjut dengan 40 mg/kgBB selama 2 minggu); kelompok 3 (diberi madu 4,5 ml/kgBB); kelompok 4, 5, dan 6 (diberi madu 1,5 ml; 3 ml; 4,5 ml/kgBB, berturut-turut selanjutnya selang waktu 2 jam diinduksi atorvastatin). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar CK sebelum dan setelah perlakuan selama lima minggu pada tikus yang diinduksi atorvastatin mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan (p<0.05), sedangkan kadar CK pada kelompok tikus yang lainnya tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang bermakna. Kadar MDA setelah perlakuan pada tikus yang hanya diinduksi atorvastatin menunjukkan kadar yang relatif tinggi, namun secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok tikus yang lainnya.  Demikian pula dengan aktivitas SOD pada tikus yang hanya diinduksi atorvastatin tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok tikus yang diberi madu sebelum induksi atorvastatin.