Black Soybean Extract Protects Against TMT-Induced Cognitive Defects in Mice

Abstract

To find a neuroactive compound with a potent inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and in vivo anti-amnesic activity from natural resources, we evaluated anthocyanins and nonanthocyanins from black soybean extract. Nonanthocyanins from black soybean extract were the most potent and dose-dependent AChE inhibitors. Intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation resulting from H2O2 treatment was significantly decreased compared with cells treated with H2O2 only. Nonanthocyanins were also neuroprotective against H2O2 treated neurotoxicity by 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Finally, nonanthocyanins from black soybean in the preadministration group attenuated trimethyltin (TMT)-induced memory injury in both in vivo tests. AChE, prepared from mice brain tissues, was inhibited by nonanthocyanins from black soybean in a dose-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde generation in the brain homogenates of mice treated with nonanthocyanins from black soybean was decreased. We concluded that nonanthocyanins from black soybean had an efficacious in vitro AChE inhibitory activity, and protected against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, our findings suggest that nonanthocyanins from black soybean may improve the TMT-induced learning and memory deficit because of AChE inhibition of mice brain tissue. Consequently, these results demonstrate that the nonanthocyanins from black soybean could possess a wide range of beneficial activities for neurodegenerative disorders.KEY WORDS: acetylcholinesterase black soybean cognitive function Glycine max (L.) Merr. syringic acid trimethyltin INTRODUCION Soybean (Glycine max) has been one of the long important nutritional sources since ancient times. Soybeans are extremely versatile and can be made into a variety of foods. Asians including Koreans consume an average of 20 to 80 g of traditional soy foods daily, the most common of which include tofu, miso, and tempeh. Americans consume much less soy, only about 1 to 3 g daily, and this is mostly in processed forms such as soy drinks, breakfast cereals, energy bars, and soy burgers.

A systematic review of black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): Nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, health benefits, and processing to application

“…Furthermore, non‐anthocyanins of BS, syringic acid, catechin, and procatechuic acid as the main phenolics, also exhibited neuroprotective effects as reported by J. H. Jeong, Jo, et al. (2014), where non‐anthocyanin compounds from BS inhibited AChE activity in rat PC12 cells in a dose‐dependent manner (31–250 μg/mL), with an IC 50 = 233.68 μg/mL. The non‐anthocyanin treatment (15–250 μg/mL) resulted in a 122%–103% reduction of cellular ROS levels, compared with the H 2 O 2 exposure, suggesting that non‐anthocyanins of BS protected PC12 cells against oxidative toxicity.…”

“…For instance, BS anthocyanins exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress by inhibiting the activation of the apoptosis signalregulating kinase-p38-JNK pathway, scavenging ROS, and stimulating the expression of heme oxygenas-1 in human brain neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells (S. M. Kim et al, 2012). Furthermore, non-anthocyanins of BS, syringic acid, catechin, and procatechuic acid as the main phenolics, also exhibited neuroprotective effects as reported by J. H. Jeong, Jo, et al (2014), where non-anthocyanin compounds from BS inhibited AChE activity in rat PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits (J. H. .…”

Formulation and Physical Characteristics of Detam Ii Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr) Tablet With Various Concentration of Silicon Dioxide and Magnesium Stearate

“…Depend on soybean seeds color, it is divided into two types, yellow and black soybean. Black soybeans have almost same potential of nutrients and result than yellow soybeans and even have a higher functional properties [8].…”

Impact of Radio Frequency, Microwaving, and High Hydrostatic Pressure at Elevated Temperature on the Nutritional and Antinutritional Components in Black Soybeans

“…is a soybean cultivar that not only contain various macronutrients and micronutrients, but also can be provided as a medical food for kidney disease, blood circulation problem, and detoxification (Jeong and others ). Moreover, its black hull is rich in polyphenols including anthocyanins, procyanidins, and catechins, which exhibits good biological activities (Jeong and others ). As people take increasing care of physical health nowadays, the consumption of black soybean is rapidly growing.…”