Blacks and Gypsies in Nazi Germany: the Limits of the 'Racial State'

Rosenhaft, Eve

doi:10.1093/hwj/dbr023

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…And with that, the road was paved to acceptable (or at least willfully ignored) forced sterilization (Mostert, 2002; M. Robertson et al, 2019; Sofair & Kaldjian, 2000; Teicher, 2019), and later euthanasia (Kessler, 2007; Mostert, 2002; M. Robertson et al, 2019), of the disabled and 'undesirable' in the early 1930s (Figure 2). The subsequent “evolution” (in mid‐late 1930's to 1945) of Gypsy (Lewy, 1999; Lutz & Lutz, 1995; Rosenhaft, 2011), Afro‐German (Haas, 2008; Rosenhaft, 2011), homosexual (Boden, 2011), Slav (Lewy, 1999), and Jewish (Childers, 2017; Friedlander, 1997; Hayes, 2017; McMillan, 2014) persecution now seemed like a foregone conclusion.…”

Section: Nazi Eugenics Racial Hygiene and The Holocaust: Early/mid 20...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arguably, the US was the leader in eugenic science at the peak of the movement in the early 1900s (Allen, 1983;Garver & Garver, 1991;Kevles, 1985;Paul, 1995). And as we will explore, while American eugenic 'solutions' were not taken to the extremes seen in Nazi Germany (see Caplan et al, 1999;Childers, 2017;Connelly, 1999;Friedlander, 1997;Haas, 2008;Hayes, 2017;Holtzman & Rothstein, 1992;Lewy, 1999;Lutz & Lutz, 1995;McMillan, 2014. Rosenhaft, 2011, they were applied harshly in society through laws that determined who was 'fit' versus 'unfit,' based more on prejudice, various '-isms,' and Progressive Era ideas (social and economic) than sound science (Appleman, 2018;Baynton, 2016;Caplan et al, 1999;Chousou et al, 2019;Garver & Garver, 1991;Holtzman & Rothstein, 1992;Kerr & Shakespeare, 2002;Kevles, 1985;Leonard, 2016;Micklos & Carlson, 2000;Paul, 1995Paul, , 2016Stolerman, 2017;Winfield, 2012).…”

Section: The Ascension Of Eugenics In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Robertson et al, 2019), of the disabled and 'undesirable' in the early 1930s (Figure 2). The subsequent "evolution" (in mid-late 1930's to 1945) of Gypsy (Lewy, 1999;Lutz & Lutz, 1995;Rosenhaft, 2011), Afro-German (Haas, 2008;Rosenhaft, 2011), homosexual (Boden, 2011), Slav (Lewy, 1999), and Jewish (Childers, 2017;Friedlander, 1997;Hayes, 2017;McMillan, 2014) persecution now seemed like a foregone conclusion.…”

Section: Genetics and Eugenics: Justifying And Implementing Nazi Prej...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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You can't keep a bad idea down: Dark history, death, and potential rebirth of eugenics

Liscum

Garcia

2021

The Anatomical Record

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“Be careful what you wish for”: This adage guides both how this project came to life, and how the topic covered in this review continues to unfold. What began as talks between two friends on shared interests in military history led to a 4‐year discussion about how our science curriculum does little to introduce our students to societal and ethical impacts of the science they are taught. What emerged was a curricular idea centered on how “good intentions” of some were developed and twisted by others to result in disastrous consequences of state‐sanctioned eugenics. In this article, we take the reader (as we did our students) through the long and soiled history of eugenic thought, from its genesis to the present. Though our focus is on European and American eugenics, we will show how the interfaces and interactions between science and society have evolved over time but have remained ever constant. Four critical 'case studies' will also be employed here for deep, thoughtful exploration on a particular eugenic issue. The goal of the review, as it is with our course, is not to paint humanity with a single evil brush. Instead, our ambition is to introduce our students/readers to the potential for harm through the misapplication and misappropriation of science and scientific technology, and to provide them with the tools to ask the appropriate questions of their scientists, physicians, and politicians.

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Section: Nazi Eugenics Racial Hygiene and The Holocaust: Early/mid 20...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ascension Of Eugenics In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetics and Eugenics: Justifying And Implementing Nazi Prej...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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You can't keep a bad idea down: Dark history, death, and potential rebirth of eugenics

Liscum

Garcia

2021

The Anatomical Record

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“…The 1935 Nuremberg prohibition on sex between those defined as Jews and those defined as Aryans did not criminalize sex between Black and white Germans. 50 Nonetheless, such acts were taboo in the racial state. Although the file does not specify the precise reason for Baumgartner's sterilization, it is not difficult to understand how a health court, confronted with her former relationship with a likely Black occupation soldier and her multiple other relationships, would have concluded that, under the terms of the July 1933 Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, she should be sterilized.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Persecutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Persecution: Lesbianism and the Nazi State

Huneke

2021

Cent Eur Hist

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In recent years scholars have shown increasing interest in lesbianism under National Socialism. But because female homosexuality was never criminalized in Nazi Germany, excluding Austria, historians have few archival sources through which to recount this past. That lack of evidence has led to strikingly different interpretations in the scholarly literature, with some historians claiming lesbians were a persecuted group and others insisting they were not. This article presents three archival case studies, each of which epitomizes a different mode in the relationship between lesbians and the Nazi state. In presenting these cases, the article contextualizes them with twenty-seven other cases from the literature, arguing that these different modes illustrate why different women met with such radically different fates. In so doing, it attempts to bridge the divide in the scholarship, putting persecution and tolerance into a single frame of reference for understanding the lives of lesbians in the Third Reich.

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“…A case can certainly be made for the German example that a moral animus over the last two decades has led historians to produce judgments of popular involvement that may be at once too sweeping, involving the entire population in a murderous program of racial regeneration and too narrow, focusing on the racial issue to the exclusion of all others. 13 As Nicholas Stargardt argues, the approach to popular attitudes has perhaps been overly 'functionalist', whereby the regime's destructive power is taken as evidence of the population's ideological commitment.…”

Section: R O B E R T a P E R G H E Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ethics of Consent—Regime and People in the Historiographies of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany

Pergher

2015

Contemporary European History

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In his trenchant and stimulating review article Patrick Bernhard surveyed a series of English-language studies that focus in one way or another on the relationship between the fascist regime and the Italian people. Drawing on the historiography of Nazi Germany, Bernhard took these studies as his cue to argue that much of the historiography on Italian Fascism is outdated. In particular, he sees the approach adopted to assessing the regime's appeal as often old-fashioned, with the result that Italian historians have vastly underestimated ordinary Italians’ embrace of fascism and their complicity in its violence and war crimes. At the same time, he argues that histories of Nazi Germany and fascist Italy show far more parallels and intersections than have been acknowledged of late and calls on Italian historians to turn their attention to this entangled history.

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Blacks and Gypsies in Nazi Germany: the Limits of the 'Racial State'

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

You can't keep a bad idea down: Dark history, death, and potential rebirth of eugenics

You can't keep a bad idea down: Dark history, death, and potential rebirth of eugenics

Heterogeneous Persecution: Lesbianism and the Nazi State

The Ethics of Consent—Regime and People in the Historiographies of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany

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