Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

Granger, Nicolas; Olby, Natasha J.; Nout‐Lomas, Yvette S.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.583342

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…This study indicated that urinary and fecal incontinence was present in a high percentage of dogs with DM, which was similar to what was noted in patients with ALS [19]. The regulation of urination and defecation involves a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic neurons [20]. In dogs with DM, spinal cord lesions spread in ascending and descending orders from the caudal thoracic spinal cord [21], leading to the development of urinary and fecal incontinence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The Long-Term Clinical Course of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy and Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin

Kobatake

Nakata

Sakai

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM), recognized as a spontaneous model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is known as a late-onset progressive degenerative disease of the spinal cord. Because of the progressive nature of DM, many dogs are elected to be euthanized, resulting in limited information on the end-stage clinical presentation. We investigated the long-term clinical course from diagnosis to natural death to further deepen our understanding of the entire clinical picture of this disease. Because curcumin was administered in some cases, the therapeutic effect of curcumin on DM was also examined. Forty dogs included in this study were client-owned Pembroke Welsh Corgis with a definitive diagnosis of DM by necropsy and histopathology. Dogs were excluded from this study if they died from another disease or were elected to be euthanized. Information on the long-term clinical symptoms of DM was investigated based on a questionnaire, which was collected from the dog owners. Urinary incontinence and respiratory disorder were observed in most dogs, as was respiratory impairment-correlated death. In contrast, signs consistent with brainstem dysfunction were noticed at the terminal stage in a small portion of dogs. Although further studies with more cases are needed, the results of this study suggest that administration of curcumin is effective in slowing the progression of DM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The Long-Term Clinical Course of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy and Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin

Kobatake

Nakata

Sakai

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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“…This was documented in three cases, however only two of those were presumed to be secondary to the cranial thoracic myelopathy, which were still ambulatory despite the urinary/faecal incontinence. A myelopathy in the area of interest of our study, from T1 to T6, could cause a supra-sacral (cranial to the L7 spinal cord segment) incontinence ( 55 ). This can occur due to the damage of the upper motor neuron pathways to the bladder and rectum, resulting in a retention urinary incontinence, due to increased sphincter tone, and faecal incontinence due to the inability to control defecation once the defecation reflex has been triggered ( 55 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial thoracic myelopathies (T1-T6 vertebrae): Retrospective evaluation of the signalment, clinical presentation, and, presumptive or final diagnoses in 84 dogs

et al. 2022

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The aim of the study was to describe the signalment, clinical presentation and presumptive or final diagnoses of dogs with cranial thoracic spinal cord lesions identified on advanced imaging. Retrospective evaluation of the databases of three veterinary specialty centres, between 2009 and 2021, was performed to identify dogs with a lesion affecting the cranial thoracic vertebral column (T1-T6 vertebrae) as the primary cause for presenting signs of myelopathy and/or spinal pain. Eighty-four dogs were included in the study, with the majority (n = 76) presenting with a progressive history of over 4-weeks' duration. On neurologic examination, most dogs were ambulatory (n = 64), and the most common neuroanatomic localisation was the T3-L3 spinal cord segments (n = 63). Twelve dogs (14%) showed a short-strided thoracic limb gait on clinical examination. The most common diagnosis was neoplasia (n = 33), followed by anomalies (n = 22, including vertebral body malformations in 14 dogs) and degenerative disorders (n = 16, with intervertebral disc protrusion diagnosed in 9 dogs). The most common vertebrae affected were T3 and T5. Most dogs with degenerative conditions showed asymmetric clinical signs, and the majority of dogs with neoplasia showed signs of spinal hyperaesthesia on examination. The findings of this study describe the clinical signs and presumptive or final diagnoses associated with lesions affecting the cranial thoracic spinal cord. When combined with the signalment and clinical history, this information can assist in both the recognition of and problem-based approach to these cases.

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“…The current approaches for dogs with acute thoracolumbar myelopathy due to compressive IVD extrusion have been recently reviewed 19–21 . Clinical examination (including testing nociception, which is a key factor in several reported grading systems) is critical in prognostication, where a loss of nociception indicates a worse prognosis for recovery than intact nociception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13,15 The current approaches for dogs with acute thoracolumbar myelopathy due to compressive IVD extrusion have been recently reviewed. [19][20][21] Clinical examination (including testing nociception, which is a key factor in several reported grading systems) is critical in prognostication, where a loss of nociception indicates a worse prognosis for recovery than intact nociception. MRI is the preferred diagnostic modality, and, after localization of the compressive lesion, surgery is often (and, most will consent, preferably) performed shortly after.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual case of intervertebral disc extrusion in a dog

Santifort

Pijnenburg

Beukers³

et al. 2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 6‐year‐old castrated male Dachshund‐cross was presented with signs compatible with a thoracolumbar myelopathy. MRI findings were considered most consistent with neoplasia as a large, oval‐shaped, well‐defined extradural mass with atypical intensity presentation was found in the spinal canal with extension into the intervertebral foramen. Owners elected euthanasia and post‐mortem histopathological examination resulted in a final diagnosis of compressive myelopathy due to extrusion of degenerated nucleus pulposus with haemorrhage and secondary encapsulation of the compressive material by fibroblasts. This case illustrates the variable appearance of intervertebral disc extrusion on MRI.

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Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 21 publications

References 103 publications

The Long-Term Clinical Course of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy and Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin

The Long-Term Clinical Course of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy and Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin

Cranial thoracic myelopathies (T1-T6 vertebrae): Retrospective evaluation of the signalment, clinical presentation, and, presumptive or final diagnoses in 84 dogs

An unusual case of intervertebral disc extrusion in a dog

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