Bladder cancer and occupational exposures.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES -A hospital-based case-referent study was carried out in Lyon with the purpose of generating hypotheses about the role of occupational exposures to 320 compounds in bladder carcinogenesis. METHODS -Job histories were obtained by questionnaire for 116 cases and 232 reference patients with diseases other than cancer (one referent from the same hospital ward and one from another ward of the same hospital per case); the referents were matched for gender, hospital, age, and nationality. Systematic coding of exposures, with a blind analysis of job histories, was carried out by a team of experts in chemistry and occupational health. RESULTS -Significantly elevated odds ratios were observed for exposure to pyrolysis and combustion products [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0---4.0] when the general referents were used and for cutting fluids (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.4) when tobacco consumption was adjusted for. The latter was highest among the category consisting of blue-collar and unskilled workers, supervisors, and agricultural workers (OR 4.6 95% CI 2.0-10.6), while the odds ratio for the other category was 0.8 (95% CI 0.3-2.7). An elevated odds ratio for exposure to inks was observed for the women (OR 14.0,95% CI 1.8-106.5) on the basis of 14 exposed cases, but confounding factors could have been responsible for this result. Odds ratios for several other exposures (rubber: OR 5.7, nitrates: OR 8.2, coke dust: OR 3.5, meat additives: OR 3.8) were also elevated, but not significantly so when based on a small number of exposed cases. CONCLUSION -The observations of this investigation should be tested in future studies, in particular since exposures to agents such as cutting fluids or pyrolysis products are ubiquitous in industrial settings and may present an important public health hazard.

Association between the high risk occupations and bladder cancer in Iran: A case-control study

“…This finding is similar to the findings of Kogevinas et al (2003) [6]. It is also compatible with the results of the study by Hours et al (1994) which showed that the risk of bladder cancer among the cases was 2.5 times greater than among the control group (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.4) [29]. In another study conducted by Colt et al (2004), the risk of bladder cancer among male operators in metal industries, who were involved in welding and molding, was 16.6 times higher than among the control group (OR = 16.6).…”

Mortality of employees of a perfluorooctanesulphonyl fluoride manufacturing facility

“…Several other occupational exposures that are not industry specific including metal cutting fluids, diesel exhaust, polybrominated biphenyls, and perchloroethylene and other solvents, have been associated, albeit inconsistently, with bladder cancer in some populations. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Although the bladder cancer cases in this cohort occurred among workers who held high PFOS exposed jobs, the specific jobs of the cases suggest that other exposures may have been present. The bladder cancer cases worked mostly in maintenance or at the incinerator and wastewater treatment plant.…”

A Pooled Analysis of Bladder Cancer Case–Control Studies Evaluating Smoking in Men and Women

“…Six studies had population controls [21,24,27,28,32,33], one [23] both hospital and population controls and the rest had hospital controls [19,20,25,26,[29][30][31]. The diagnoses of the hospital controls by study included: urological controls [19,20,26], osteoarticular, digestive and heart diseases [29], various diseases other than cancer [30], urological and surgical controls [25], various diagnoses excluding urological and heart diseases, cancers of the respiratory system and digestive system [23], and traumas [31]. Controls were individually or frequencymatched to cases on gender, age (within 5 years), and geographic area.…”

“…The 14 studies included in the pooled analysis were conducted between 1976 and 1996 and comprised three studies from Germany [19][20][21], two from Spain [22][23][24], Italy [25,26], USA [27,28], and France [14,29,30], and one each from Greece [31], Denmark [32] and Canada [33]. Criteria for inclusion of the studies in the two previous pooled analyses were the availability of detailed information on occupational exposures in studies conducted in European Union countries [17] and of individual exposure estimates to disinfection by-products in studies in Europe or North America [18].…”