Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles

Oeyen, Eline; Hoekx, Lucien; Wachter, Stefan De; Baldewijns, Marcella; Ameye, Filip; Mertens, Inge

doi:10.3390/ijms20040821

Cited by 104 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…It needs to be further evaluated if the outcome for the healthy individuals is valid for patients too. Patients are expected to have more EVs and probably with a different cargo [29–31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of variability due to biological and technical variation in urinary extracellular vesicles as a crucial step in biomarker discovery studies

Oeyen

Willems

Kindt

et al. 2019

J of Extracellular Vesicle

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Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an attractive source of biomarkers for urological diseases. A crucial step in biomarker discovery studies is the determination of the variation parameters to perform a sample size calculation. In this way, a biomarker discovery study with sufficient statistical power can be performed to obtain biologically significant biomarkers. Here, a variation study was performed on both the protein and lipid content of urinary EVs of healthy individuals, aged between 52 and 69 years. Ultrafiltration (UF) in combination with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to isolate the EVs from urine. Different experimental variation set-ups were used in this variation study. The calculated standard deviations (SDs) of the 90% least variable peptides and lipids did not exceed 2 and 1.2, respectively. These parameters can be used in a sample size calculation for a well-designed biomarker discovery study at the cargo of EVs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of variability due to biological and technical variation in urinary extracellular vesicles as a crucial step in biomarker discovery studies

Oeyen

Willems

Kindt

et al. 2019

J of Extracellular Vesicle

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“…Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a global disease and ranked worldwide as the seventh most prevalent cancer in men with a male to female ratio of 4:1. In the Western world, UBC is the fourth most common cancer in men, while in women; it is the eighth most common cancer [1]. In Iraq, UBC is the sixth most common malignancy, and three times more frequently occurs in men than in women (Iraqi Cancer Board 2018) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum level and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of toll-like receptor-7 among urinary bladder cancer Iraqi patients

Al-Humairi

Al-Musawi

Ad’hiah

2019

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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Background: Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a member of TLR family, plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of different malignancies. Among these is urinary bladder cancer (UBC), which has not been extensively studied. Therefore, it was aimed to determine TLR7 serum level in UBC patients and evaluate its association with some demographic and clinicopathological characteristics. In addition, four TLR7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs179018, rs179019, rs179020, and rs179021) were investigated to determine their susceptibility role in UBC and inspect SNP's impact on TLR7 level. Sixty-six UBC Iraqi patients were enrolled in this case-control study. Two control samples were also involved, 40 urinary tract infection (UTI) patients, and 48 healthy control subjects. Results: Male gender, older age, and cigarette-smoking are risk factors for UBC. TLR7 level showed a significant decreased median in UBC patients compared to UTI patients or control (1.4 vs. 8.1 and 9.5 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). The decrease was more pronounced in males, age group ≥ 48 years, cigarette-smokers, alcohol non-consumers, clinical stages I-II, and superficial tumor, as well as patients with family history of cancer and untreated patients. Mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapies tended to increase TLR7 level. Among the four investigated SNPs, only rs179019 C allele showed significantly uncorrected increased frequency in UBC males compared to control males (p = 0.038), while among UTI females, C allele frequency maintained a significantly corrected decreased frequency compared to control females (p = 0.005). Some SNPs influenced serum level of TLR7, but a significant impact was recorded for rs179019 in UTI females (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Downregulation of TLR7 is suggested to have a role in etiology and pathogenesis of UBC, especially the male, elderly and smoker patients. Mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin may enhance TLR7 production in the blood of UBC patients. TLR7 SNPs are suggested to influence susceptibility to develop UBC, and their potential in impacting TLR7 serum level is augmented.

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“…It has been a wearing problem for years since early detection approach of BLCA eluded many clinicians. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are currently employed to diagnose BLCA [22]. However, cystoscopy is an invasive method and also low sensitivity for bladder carcinoma in situ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression and Regulatory Webwork of POLR2K in Bladder Carcinogenesis by Integrated Bioinformatics Approaches

Yang

Wang

Guo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background：RNA polymerase II subunit K (POLR2K) belongs to one of the multiple subunits of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), whose biological function is to synthesize mRNA. Aberrant POLR2K expression is related to carcinogenesis. However, POLR2K’s underlying role in bladder cancer has not been explored. In the current study, we intend to analyze the function of POLR2K and its regulatory network within bladder cancer.Methods: Public sequencing data was obtained from GEO and TCGA to investigate POLR2K expression and regulatory network within bladder cancer (BLCA) by using GEPIA and Oncomine as well as cBioPortal online tool. LinkedOmics was employed to identify genes displaying significantly differential expression patterns and to perform GO and KEGG analyses. After differential genes was assigned and ranked, GSEA analyses was performed to obtain target networks for transcription factors, miRNAs, and kinases that could regulate POLR2K–associated gene network. Subsequent functional webwork analyses were used to identify cancer-relevant pathways Moreover, POLR2K gene is verified, by ChIP-seq in MCF-7 cell line , with transcription factor binding evidence in the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.Conclusions: The current study implies that POLR2K gene is overexpressed and often amplified in BLCA, providing the first evidence that POLR2K deregulation, in particular increased transcription, may promote BLCA. These findings uncover a unique expression patterns of POLR2K and its potential regulatory networks in BLCA, contributing greatly to study of the role of POLR2K in cancer development.

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Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles

Cited by 104 publications

References 135 publications

Determination of variability due to biological and technical variation in urinary extracellular vesicles as a crucial step in biomarker discovery studies

Determination of variability due to biological and technical variation in urinary extracellular vesicles as a crucial step in biomarker discovery studies

Serum level and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of toll-like receptor-7 among urinary bladder cancer Iraqi patients

Gene Expression and Regulatory Webwork of POLR2K in Bladder Carcinogenesis by Integrated Bioinformatics Approaches

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