Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in contemporary UK practice: Outcomes of phenotype‐directed management

Abstract

Objectives: Problem bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a heterogeneous disorder with variation in management worldwide. Phenotyping aims to personalize therapy and optimize outcomes. The most well-described phenotype is Hunner lesion disease (HLD). The prevalence of HLD and outcome of phenotypedirected management in the UK is not well-studied. We describe the management of a contemporary cohort of patients with BPS/IC in the UK. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with BPS/IC from January 2015-November 2018. Outcomes of patients who underwent laser ablation to Hunner lesions were collected using the Global Response Assessment tool. Results: One hundred and sixty-three patients (mean age of 43 years [20-85]) were included. 78% were female and patients had experienced symptoms for an average 6 years (1-30) prior to specialist assessment. Eighty-three percent of patients had pelvic imaging (44% ultrasound, 42% magnetic resonance imaging and 14% computed tomography), and a relevant abnormality was found in five (4%). Twenty-two patients (14%) had HLD (International Society for the Study of BPS [ESSIC] 3), with a mean bladder capacity of 373 mL (175-650 mL); 77% were ESSIC C on histopathology. All patients with HLD underwent laser ablation, with 55% experiencing a moderate/marked improvement in symptoms, with a mean duration of effect of 10 months (3-36); 27% of patients had a repeat treatment. Conclusions: The presence of HLD in patients with BPS/IC is not uncommon. Pelvic imaging rarely identifies any cause for pain and so cystoscopy under anesthesia is essential for accurate phenotyping. Phenotype-directed management with holmium laser ablation to Hunner lesions has good short-term efficacy in improving pain, but re-intervention is often required.

Lower Urinary Tract Inflammation and Infection: Key Microbiological and Immunological Aspects

“…This strategy looks to patient-specific symptoms to guide therapeutic decisions and emphasizes collaborative, multi-disciplinary care [92]. Current evidence suggests that phenotype-based treatment plans result in clinically significant improvements in approximately 50% of patients, though re-intervention is often still required [93,94].…”

Broaden Horizons: The Advancement of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

“…Individual targeted therapy, therefore, is a necessity. The UPOINT phenotypic classification system developed by Shoskes was recommended by CUA, EAU, and two clinical trials [ 9 , 63 , 64 ]. Both studies found that approximately 50% of IC/BPS patients treated with corresponding modalities could achieve significant symptomatic improvements.…”