Blast-Resistant Glazing Design

Norville, H. Scott; Conrath, Edward J.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(2006)12:3(129)

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The interaction of blast waves with structures can lead to high levels of structural damage, failure of internal systems, secondary fire, structural collapse, obstructing debris and potentially fatal injury to any occupants [2]. Much research has been conducted into the effects of blast loading and its interaction with structures, leading to the development of new materials [3], design recommendations [4,5,6,7], comprehensive blast resistant design guides such as UFC-3-340-02 [8] and the handbook for blast resistance design for buildings [9] and the development of pressure-impulse iso-damage curves, illustrated by Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a predictive method for blast induced masonry debris distribution using experimental and numerical methods

Keys

Clubley

2017

Engineering Failure Analysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a predictive method for blast induced masonry debris distribution using experimental and numerical methods

Keys

Clubley

2017

Engineering Failure Analysis

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“…Based on the probabilistic failure prediction model for glass plates developed by Beason and Morgan [4] and the work of Vallabhan [5], ASTM E1300-09a [6] provides a design procedure for rectangular glass lites supported on one, two, three, or four edges and subjected to 3-second wind loads. Monolithic and laminated glass lites subjected to blast and impact loads, for example, have received signifi cant attention [7][8][9][10][11][12]33] and design charts equating blast loading to 3-second duration wind loads have been developed [13], ASTM F2248-09 [14]. Research has also been conducted on the composite action of mullions [15], and the properties of gaskets [16] and silicones [17][18][19] used to connect glass lites to supporting mullions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental program and simplified nonlinear design expression for glass curtain walls with low-level blast resistance

Kennedy¹,

Weggel²,

Keanini³

2013

Int. J. CMEM

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A series of fi ve full-scale, nearly conventional, curtain wall specimens was tested in the UNC Charlotte Structures Laboratory. Specimens were subjected to quasi-static, uniform, out-of-plane loading to failure under displacement control. The tests were performed to obtain complete resistance curves, including the nonlinear behavior of the specimens up to 'ultimate failure'. Ultimate failure was defi ned as mullion fracture or signifi cant breach of the curtain wall system when viewed as the protective barrier between building occupants and the external blast load. Representative load-defl ection and loadstrain resistance curves are presented. The energy absorbed by the curtain wall system up to three different limit states -fi rst cracking of glass, fi rst yield of mullions, and fracture/breach of the system (ultimate failure) -and maximum mullion end rotations are computed from the experimental results. Ultimate energy absorption capacity -the recoverable linear strain energy plus the nonlinear energy due to formation of damage mechanisms -and maximum mullion end rotations are essential for reliable and economical design of blast resistant curtain walls. To this end, a simplifi ed methodology is presented for analytically approximating curtain wall resistance functions that can be input to an energy expression that models nonlinear structural dynamic behavior due to an 'impulsive' loading. The blast resistance of a curtain wall can then be approximated using this procedure. It is shown that a nearly conventional curtain wall, a conventional system with two modifi cations -use of laminated glass lites that are structurally glazed (wet-glazed) to a conventional framing system with structural silicone sealanthad nearly 14 times the ultimate energy absorption capacity and nearly four times the blast resistance as the fully conventional system. Keywords: Glass curtain wall; blast resistance; nonlinear SDOF design expression; static destructive tests. INTRODUCTIONEconomical design of curtain walls to resist extreme out-of-plane loads, such as blast loads, implies that the curtain wall can suffer signifi cant damage in a blast event. However, in order to be a protective barrier between building occupants and the external threat, the curtain wall system must remain largely intact to prevent it from becoming a fl ying debris hazard and limit blast overpressures intruding into the protected space. Modeling curtain wall systems after the onset of glass cracking or mullion yielding is a signifi cant challenge, requiring consideration of nonlinear material behavior and often nonlinear geometry. Further, the complex structural behavior of the curtain wall's individual components and their connections must be well understood.This present work continues a long-term study in which a calibrated, elastic, fi nite element (FE) curtain wall model was developed [1,2]. The model is capable of simulating static and dynamic responses (before cracking or yielding of system components) under general loading and considers linea...

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“…Research work in the field of blast load effect on buildings has, until recently, been focused on especially those close to glass windows. Norville et al (2006) investigated different laminated glass thicknesses under blast loading that can potentially mitigate glass shard related injuries. Davidson and Fisher (2005) reported improved performance of unreinforced masonry walls by using low-strength, high-elongation, and thin-membrane elastomeric polymers.…”

Section: Review Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Blast Loading on Seismically Detailed Reinforced Concrete Columns

Kyei¹

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The rise in the number of terrorist attacks over the past few decades has led to growing concerns about the performance of buildings designed by well-established conventional design methods under blast loading. The concerns arise from the response of buildings and loss of lives in some of the more popular terrorist attacks such as those involving the Alfred P. Murrah Building, the Khobar Towers, and Marriott Hotel in Islamabad. Whereas most damage during these attacks was to non-structural elements such as infill wall systems and window glass, the collapse of the Alfred P. Murrah Building revealed that failure of load-bearing members can lead to widespread buildings failure. Thus, it has become imperative to investigate the performance of load-bearing building members to blast loading. More specifically, to quantify the blast resistance offered by buildings designed and detailed for other load types such as wind and earthquake.The effect of seismically detailed reinforced concrete columns on their blast resistance was investigated. Reinforced concrete columns not forming part of the seismic force resisting system were detailed according to CSA A23.3-04 -Design of Concrete Structures. The detailed reinforced concrete columns were subjected to blast loading in a numerical study using the high fidelity physics based finite element code (LS-DYNA). The numerical study was undertaken to investigate the effects of columns designed for different levels of seismicity in the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) on their blast resistance.The results of the numerical study show that the lateral reinforcement detailing has a significant effect on the behaviour of columns under blast loading. When the reinforced concrete columns were detailed for high levels of seismicity by reducing the lateral reinforcement spacing in the plastic hinge region, the maximum lateral displacement was observed to reduce significantly in comparison with columns detailed with lateral reinforcement spaced for conventional design.ii Also, reducing the lateral reinforcement spacing at mid-height of the column, where plastic hinge formations is expected under blast loading, further reduced the maximum lateral displacement.The closely spaced lateral reinforcement in the seismically-detailed columns was observed to increase the blast resistance, especially to close-in blast loading.The effect of axial loading was also investigated in the numerical study. As the axial load ratio increased, the blast resistance of the concrete columns increased. However, at high, axial load ratios, the columns suffered concrete crushing in the compression zone leading to higher lateral displacements and instability. At higher scaled distances, increasing axial load ratios resulted in reduced maximum lateral displacements; with the seismically-detailed columns not offering any significant advantage over the conventionally-detailed columns.iii

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Blast-Resistant Glazing Design

Cited by 40 publications

References 5 publications

Establishing a predictive method for blast induced masonry debris distribution using experimental and numerical methods

Establishing a predictive method for blast induced masonry debris distribution using experimental and numerical methods

Experimental program and simplified nonlinear design expression for glass curtain walls with low-level blast resistance

Effects of Blast Loading on Seismically Detailed Reinforced Concrete Columns

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