Blastocidal and contraceptive actions by an extract and compounds from endod (Phytolacca dodecandra)

Stolzenberg, Sidney J.; Parkhurst, R. M.; Reist, Elmer J.

doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(76)80006-6

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Neste trabalho a única saponina identificada foi β-amirina. Propriedades abortivas, antizigóticas e efeitos deletérios sobre a implantação de embriões de animais foram também associadas às saponinas contidas em Phytolacca dodecandra (Stolzenberg & Parkhurst 1976), Costus speciosus (Tewary et al 1973) e Gutierrezia sarothrae (Knight & Walter 2001). Em ratas, o extrato butanólico de Mussaenda pubescens, que contém significativa quantidade de saponinas, induziu o nascimento de crias prematuras e fracas (Quin & Xu 1998).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação da toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em vacas gestantes

et al. 2013

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(5):607-612, maio 2013 607 RESUMO.-Com o objetivo de avaliar a toxicidade de diferentes concentrações das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum em vacas prenhes, as favas desta árvore foram moídas, misturadas à ração comercial e fornecidas a oito vacas nas doses totais de 6,5g/kg, 7,5g/kg, 9g/kg e 10g/kg. Os animais que receberam doses de 6,5g/kg pariram bezerros normais e aqueles que receberam 7,5g/kg pariram bezerros fracos que não sobreviveram. Doses de 9g/kg resultaram no nascimento de um bezerro imaturo e de outro bezerro com distiquíase, opacidade congênita das córne-as e microftalmia. To evaluate the toxicity of different concentrations of pods of Stryphnodendron fissuratum to pregnant cows, the pods of this tree were grounded, mixed in a commercial food and given to eight pregnant cows in total doses of 6.5g/kg, 7.5g/kg, 9g/kg and 10g/kg. The animals that received doses of 6.5g/kg delivered normal calves and those that received 7.5g/kg delivered weak calves that did not survive. Doses of 9g/kg resulted in the birth of an immature calf and another with congenital bilateral distichiasis, corneal opacity, and microphthalmia. Both cows that ingested 10g/kg died, and one of these aborted before death. In the dead cows, the gross and histological lesions of the digestive system and liver were similar to those previously described in S. fissuratum poisoning. No significant lesions were observed in the calves and in the aborted fetus. The phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts from pods of S. fissuratum revealed the presence of soluble tannins, proanthocyanidins, leucoanthocyanidins and the triterpenoid saponin β-amyrin. Triterpenoid saponins had been associated with the toxicity of Stryphnodendron spp. and Enterolobium spp., which cause clinical signs similar to those observed in the poisoning by S. fissuratum. The results presented herein confirmed the toxicity of S. fissuratum to bovines. However, the abortive effects of this plant was not confirmed; thus because the abortion and neonatal deaths could be due to the toxicity of the pods to the cows. New research should be done to demonstrate if S. fissuratum is a cause of malformations similar to those observed in one of the calves born from the treated cows.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação da toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em vacas gestantes

et al. 2013

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“…These may include antifertility and contraceptive agents [121], antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antihelminthic compounds [60, 1381, unsecticides and larvicides against houseflies and species of Simulium, the vector of river blindness, and Anopheles mosquitoes [13, 61, 119], industrial detergents, drying regulators in cement and anticholesterol medicines [76,92]. Such additional uses may solve the problem of the low and seasonal demand for endod as a molluscicide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Molluscicides

Kloos

McCullough

1982

Planta Med

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prehensive review on plant molluscicides having yet been published, the purpose of this paper is toassemble pertinent information and provide general guidelines and recommendations relevant to further research on plant molluscicides and their role in control programmes. IntroductionReview National and international institutions are both currently giving increasing attention to the study of plant molluscicides in the hope that they may prove cheaper and more readily available than synthetic chemicals.. Many developing countries are reluctant to embark on chemical snail control programmes, using costly synthetic compounds bought from industrialized nations with scarce hard currency [28,88]. Recent rigorous legislation governing pesticide development und use, has tended to discourage the chemical industry from carrying out research even on promising synthetic compounds [137]; not surprisingly, very few candidate molluscicides are presently available [80]. Whereas synthetic chemicals biodegrade slowly, and preliminary evidence suggests that some populations of snail hosts may have developed resistance to them [7,80], plant extracts are quite rapidly reduced to simpler substances [57,88,89]. Some recent studies of plant molluscicides give preliminary indications that they may be applied effectively in different habitats using techniques available in, and appropriate to, developing countries. Moreover, the use of indigenous, rather than imported, materials is desirable, especially as strategies for schistosomiasis control programmes should be based on long-term operations. Such strategies should ideally employ a multiplicity of methods (including population chemotherapy, focal and seasonal snail host control, environmental and sanitation improvement and health education), rather than a singic approach.Research on plant molluscicides has become multidisciplinary and, as a consequence, the findings have been reported in a wide variety of journals. No comInterest in plant molluscicides dates from the 1930's when ARCHIBALD [12] and WAGNER [1311 advocated planting the desert palm, Balanites aegyptiaca and B. maughamii , along the water courses of the Sudan and southern Africa, respectively. The laboratory and field trials of these scientists indicated that the fruit which fell into the water inhibited the increase of snail population density. These encouraging findings prompted the introduction of B. aegyptiaca to Puerto Rico, where it was planted around a Biomphalaria glabrata infested pool with apparently beneficial results [99]. MOZLFY [86,87] considered this and two other saponin-containing plants, Sapindus saponaria, the berries of which were widely used in Africa and South America as a fish poison and soap, and Swartzia madagascariensis, a traditional African medicine and fish poison [131], to be among the most promising of vegetable molluscicides. Using the berries of S. saponaria, he controlled a population of Bulinus (Physopsis) africana in a pond in Zanzibar. In South America, preliminary studies by LUTTERMOSER ...

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“…Interestingly, over centuries berries of endod have been used for washing clothes in streams and lakeshores in Ethiopia and the rest of Africa, without any apparent adverse effect [36]. Furthermore, in Ethiopia and elsewhere in Africa, high concentrations of the endod leaves, roots, or berries are taken orally as phytotherapeutic agents for various ailments, such as for purging intestinal parasites and for abortion [37]. These reports advocate that the extracts of endod can be used as a potential bedbug's control agent by considering their user-and-eco-friendly merits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endod is well known for their omnipotent properties. The berries of endod synthesize various triterpenoid saponins, which possess potent and useful biological properties including detergent, molluscicidal [30,38,39], spermicidal [37], insecticidal [32], and fungicidal [24] properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Phytolacca Dodecandra L.'Herit Leaves Extracts Against Bedbug, (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

2016

ARC Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine

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Blastocidal and contraceptive actions by an extract and compounds from endod (Phytolacca dodecandra)

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Avaliação da toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em vacas gestantes

Avaliação da toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em vacas gestantes

Plant Molluscicides

Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Phytolacca Dodecandra L.'Herit Leaves Extracts Against Bedbug, (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

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