Blending Octane Number of 1-Butanol and Iso-Octane with Low Octane Fuels in HCCI Combustion Mode

Octane Modeling of Isobutanol Blending into Gasoline

“…It is also interesting to note that the higher concentration of isobutanol had greater deviation from the linear correlation. This resembles the nonlinear behavior observed when 1-butanol is blended with different base gasolines where the extent of synergistic blending varied with the base gasoline composition …”

“…This hypothesis agrees with the findings of previous reports where blending of ethanol in toluene reference fuels produced similar antagonistic effects 13,17 and with a study that observed antagonistic blending for n-butanol in high aromatics gasoline. 21 Similarly, it can be concluded that olefins also show antagonistic blending with isobutanol. This hypothesis needs to be further verified by experimental results because the ON of gasoline range olefins can vary from ∼50 to nearly 100.…”

“…This resembles the nonlinear behavior observed when 1-butanol is blended with different base gasolines where the extent of synergistic blending varied with the base gasoline composition. 21 3. It can be observed that a molar basis has a better modeled fit for the fuels evaluated, although there are some deviations in the estimated ON, particularly for the higher blends, which is consistent with previous literature on ethanol blending.…”

“…In this approach, the true component ON can be substituted with a "blending" value such that the final blend ON matches the experimentally observed value. 11,[15][16][17]20,21 For these studies, completed using several refinery gasoline blendstocks on a volumetric basis, the derived isobutanol bON values were not consistent. This is because BOB composition and characteristics play a significant role in determining the final ON and hence the bON, and this factor is ignored in the bON approach.…”

“…Lighter alcohols generally cause a boost in octane depending on the base gasoline ON and composition. − Nonlinear interaction between oxygenates and BOB may produce higher RON than predicted by linear models. − The use of “blending” octane number (bON) is frequently discussed in the literature as an approach to capture nonlinear blending in a simple model. In this approach, the true component ON can be substituted with a “blending” value such that the final blend ON matches the experimentally observed value. ,− ,, For these studies, completed using several refinery gasoline blendstocks on a volumetric basis, the derived isobutanol bON values were not consistent. This is because BOB composition and characteristics play a significant role in determining the final ON and hence the bON, and this factor is ignored in the bON approach.…”