Blending, Segregation, and Sampling

Prescott, J. R. V.; Clement, Scott

doi:10.1201/9781420028300.ch12

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Two testers were utilized for this purpose: a sifting segregation tester and a fluidization column. Similar testers for studying segregation of particulate solids by sifting and fluidization, respectively, have been patented. , The results for these preliminary tests will be briefly presented below in order to illustrate how difficult it is to exploit such standard testers for predicting segregation occurring in silos of considerable size and especially when bulk solids are subjected to significant free fall distances. A detailed description of the test procedures for sifting and fluidization segregation is beyond the scope of this paper.…”

Section: Preliminary Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling from different vertical positions should have been carried out to elaborate any possible differences in segregation between these two powders, but such equipment was not available. Prescott et al claim that such fluidization tests can reveal the tendency for a powder mixture to segregate vertically by accumulating fines to the surface layers of the bed in silos filled pneumatically or with free fall. However, the results for our previous investigations , imply that side-to-side or horizontal segregation with a surplus of fine particles at the walls of a centrally filled silo most likely occurs for both products tested here.…”

Section: Preliminary Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluidization or elutriation refers to mixing and dispersion of a particulate solid in a gaseous phase such as air. ,, Segregation caused by fluidization of bulk solid mixtures has been reported to induce vertical segregation with accumulation of fine components to the uppermost layers of a powder bed at pneumatic filling of silos . This type of vertical segregation has also been investigated with special testers built for the purpose, where the bulk solid is filled into a vertically aligned pipe or tube and subjected to an air flow from below. A surplus of fine/light particles should be found in the upper parts of the powder column after the air flow has continued for some time in case a bulk solid is susceptible to fluidization segregation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Segregation Data for a Dry Mineral-Based Construction Materials Plant

Engblom

Saxén

Zevenhoven

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this work, segregation data for seven commercial products at a dry mineral-based construction materials plant have been analyzed. The segregation manifests itself as an increase of the fines content to unacceptable levels at the end of complete emptying from a surge silo situated upstream of packing. Results for preliminary tests for sifting segregation and fluidization show the difficulty in estimating a priori the segregation patterns observed in practice. Knowledge of the segregation mechanisms occurring with similar materials at silo filling and the discharge flow pattern is utilized to explain the segregation at silo emptying: Accumulation of fine particles at the silo walls during filling and discharge in expanded flow cause fines-rich regions from the vicinity of walls in the lower parts of the silo to be withdrawn last. Large variations in the magnitude of segregation for each product cannot be explained for example by production run size, but are caused by size variations in the silo input, uneven distribution of fines over the heap surface during filling, unpredictable stagnant zones during discharge, and sampling procedure. Segregation at discharge mainly increases with increasing particle size distribution, but the product with the widest size distribution does not segregate the most. The width of the particle size distribution for the products correlates with the mass fraction of fine particles, and inclusion of a special additive (synthetic fibers) in very small proportions is also seen to affect segregation. Therefore, a regression model based on the mass fraction of fines and fibers was employed to organize the products according to the magnitude of segregation. Results for the model show that segregation does not always increase with an increase in the width of the particle size distribution and is negatively affected by inclusion of light and elongated particles (fibers).

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Section: Preliminary Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preliminary Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Segregation Data for a Dry Mineral-Based Construction Materials Plant

Engblom

Saxén

Zevenhoven

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Segregation

Schulze¹

2021

Powders and Bulk Solids

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Foam-mat drying technology: A review

Hardy

Jideani

2017

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

112

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This article reviews various aspects of foam-mat drying such as foam-mat drying processing technique, main additives used for foam-mat drying, foam-mat drying of liquid and solid foods, quality characteristics of foam-mat dried foods, and economic and technical benefits for employing foam-mat drying. Foam-mat drying process is an alternative method that allows the removal of water from liquid materials and pureed materials. In this drying process, a liquid material is converted into foam that is stable by being whipped after adding an edible foaming agent. The stable foam is then spread out in sheet or mat and dried by using hot air (40-90°C) at atmospheric pressure. Methyl cellulose (0.25-2%), egg white (3-20%), maltodextrin (0.5-05%), and gum Arabic (2-9%) are the commonly utilized additives for the foam-mat drying process at the given range, either combined together for their effectiveness or individual effect. The foam-mat drying process is suitable for heat sensitive, viscous, and sticky products that cannot be dried using other forms of drying methods such as spray drying because of the state of product. More interest has developed for foam-mat drying because of the simplicity, cost effectiveness, high speed drying, and improved product quality it provides.

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Blending, Segregation, and Sampling

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Segregation Data for a Dry Mineral-Based Construction Materials Plant

Analysis of Segregation Data for a Dry Mineral-Based Construction Materials Plant

Segregation

Foam-mat drying technology: A review

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