Blepharitis and Demodex spp. infection

Kot, Karolina; Czepita, Maciej; Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta; Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia; Czepita, Damian

doi:10.5603/oj.2017.0006

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Previous studies mentioned age and gender as two factors that are related to Demodex prevalence as well as the presence of attributable symptoms and blepharitis (11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Demodex in Association with Ocular Signs and Symptoms: Evidence from a Large Population of Male Soldiers Living in Garrison

Fatourechi

Fakhri

Shirzad

et al. 2021

Ann Mil Health Sci Res

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Background: The Demodex mite is the most common ectoparasite on human skin. It’s a matter of debate whether this colonization should be an area of concern and can cause pathologic consequences or, in contrast, Demodex should merely be considered as an innocent saprophytic organism living on the skin. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ocular Demodex infestation in a large population of male soldiers with a similar range of age, in whom we expected a high transmission rate due to environmental factors and close contacts. Besides, we evaluated the correlation between Demodex and ocular clinical manifestations. Methods: In total 903 soldiers living on a military base in Iran were enrolled in this epidemiological cross-sectional prevalence study conducted in the summer of 2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire on ocular symptoms, and participants were assessed for the presence of Demodex spp. Results: A total of 904 males with a mean age of 21 ± 2 years (ranging from 19 to 25) were included. The overall prevalence of Demodex infestation was 77.2% (86.8 and 26% in patients with and without blepharitis, respectively). Of 698 patients who were positive for Demodex, 58.6% reported eye discomfort, whereas it was experienced by 23.9% of Demodex negative participants, the difference was statistically significant (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a strong association between the prevalence of Demodex spp. and symptoms, in particular itchy eyes. However, some patients are asymptomatic. This finding supports the notion that the number of mites may be important concerning the manifestation of clinical signs of blepharitis; however, the role of Demodex spp., as a commensal, should not be overlooked. Treatment should not be aimed at full eradication of the mite but rather restoring the ocular ecology to a balanced state.

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“…Previous studies mentioned age and gender as two factors that are related to Demodex prevalence as well as the presence of attributable symptoms and blepharitis (11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Demodex in Association with Ocular Signs and Symptoms: Evidence from a Large Population of Male Soldiers Living in Garrison

Fatourechi

Fakhri

Shirzad

et al. 2021

Ann Mil Health Sci Res

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“…Because of a possibility of demodecosis in patients without clinical symptoms, it has been postulated that they become pathogenic only in the case of intensive multiplication [11]. However, there are no studies clearly indicating the minimum number of in-WproWAdzenie Nużeniec, należący do gromady pajęczaków, podgromady roztoczy, jest jednym z najczęściej występujących pasożytów zewnętrznych u ludzi [1,2].…”

Section: Pathophysiologyunclassified

“…epideMioLogy Transmission of Demodex spp. is the result of close or direct contact with the skin (containing larvae or adult animals), contact with dust containing mite eggs, contact with an infected person's bedding, or the use of common personal care items or cosmetics [6,11].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the Demodex population has also been associated with the occurrence of alopecia, cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, HIV infection, chronic kidney disease, the use of immunosuppressive therapy or hemodialysis [4,11,[17][18][19]. According to Keles et al [20] response disorders cellular and humoral can promote development Demodex infestation.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ophthalmic manifestations of Demodex spp. infection – what should a dermatologist know?

Jaworska¹,

Sławińska²,

Sobjanek³

et al. 2021

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Ocular demodecosis is a disease caused by Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis mites. Demodex folliculorum inhabits eyelash hair follicles, while Demodex brevis inhabits the meibomian glands and glands of Zeiss. The pathogenic role of Demodex mites is still under discussion. Numerous studies indicate that they are the etiological factor of many ailments of the protective apparatus of the eye and its anterior segment (e.g., blepharitis, tear film disorders, corneal lesions). Symptoms may include: decreased visual acuity, itching around the eyes, dry eyes or tearing, foreign body sensation, impaired contact lens tolerance, recurrent styes or chalazions. Currently, the most commonly used method of diagnosis of Demodex infestation is microscopic examination of epilated eyelashes. There are no uniform standards for the treatment of ocular demodecosis.

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“…Patients infected with Demodex spp. have reported tearing, burning, foreign body sensations, eyelid margin hyperemia, eyelash loss, itching, eye redness, blurred vision, and conjunctivitis with excessive sensitivity to light [2,3,10,11]. Burning and itching of eyelid margins are more frequently reported on warmer days [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrence of ocular infection with Demodex folliculorum

Kosik-Bogacka

Pyzia

Galant

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The ectoparasite Demodex spp. is the most common human parasite detected in skin lesions such as rosacea, lichen, and keratosis. It is also an etiological factor in blepharitis. As Demodex spp. is involved in the transmission of pathogens that can play a key role in the pathogenesis of demodecosis, the aim was to assess the concurrence of Demodex folliculorum and bacterial infections.Methods: The study involved 232 patients, including 128 patients infected with Demodex folliculorum and 104 non-infected patients. The ophthalmological examination consisted of examining the vision of the patient with and without ocular correction, tonus in both eyes) and a careful examination of the anterior segment of both eyes with special emphasis on the appearance of the eyelid edges and the structure and appearance of eyelashes from both eyelids of both eyes. The samples for microbiological examination were obtained from the conjunctival sac. The bacterial culture was obtained by inoculating the samples on chocolate agar and agar with 5% sheep blood. After 24-48 h of incubation at 37 °C, the growth of various colonies of bacteria was identified based on morphological evaluation of the colonies on the media and preparations stained by the Gram method. Species identification was performed biochemical examination ex. coagulase test or VITEK Compact (bioMerieux, Poland).Results: Physiological flora was found in all patients infected with D. folliculorum and 9 (8.7%) participants from the control group.Only in patients infected with D. folliculorum we isolated Staphylococcus aureus (9 patients, 7%), Acinetobacter baumannii (one patient, 0.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (one patient, 0.8%), Klebsiella oxytoca (one patient, 0.8%), and Bacillus spp. (one patient, 0.8%) in the conjunctival sac.Conclusions: The occurrence of symptoms: dryness and burning sensation in the eye, tearing, conjuctival redness, foreign body sensation, eyelash loss, blockage of the Meibomian glands, cylindrical dandruff, and chalazia may suggest infection with Demodex spp. Patients infected with Demodex spp. should also undergo microbiological examination of conjunctival swabs. The treatment of each patient should be individualized, adapted to the clinical condition, and in cases of bacterial co-infection. Furthermore, daily hygiene of the eyelid margins should be recommended.

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Blepharitis and Demodex spp. infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Prevalence of Demodex in Association with Ocular Signs and Symptoms: Evidence from a Large Population of Male Soldiers Living in Garrison

Prevalence of Demodex in Association with Ocular Signs and Symptoms: Evidence from a Large Population of Male Soldiers Living in Garrison

Ophthalmic manifestations of Demodex spp. infection – what should a dermatologist know?

Concurrence of ocular infection with Demodex folliculorum

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