Ophthalmic manifestations of Demodex spp. infection – what should a dermatologist know?

Abstract

Ocular demodecosis is a disease caused by Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis mites. Demodex folliculorum inhabits eyelash hair follicles, while Demodex brevis inhabits the meibomian glands and glands of Zeiss. The pathogenic role of Demodex mites is still under discussion. Numerous studies indicate that they are the etiological factor of many ailments of the protective apparatus of the eye and its anterior segment (e.g., blepharitis, tear film disorders, corneal lesions). Symptoms may include: decreased visual acuity, itching around the eyes, dry eyes or tearing, foreign body sensation, impaired contact lens tolerance, recurrent styes or chalazions. Currently, the most commonly used method of diagnosis of Demodex infestation is microscopic examination of epilated eyelashes. There are no uniform standards for the treatment of ocular demodecosis.