Blind 3D Mesh Watermarking for 3D Printed Model by Analyzing Layering Artifact

Hou, Jong-Uk; Kim, Do-Gon; Lee, Heung-Kyu

doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2718482

Cited by 62 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The feature point , , is changed to , , that is the watermarked feature point after watermark embedding and calculated as shown in Equation (12). …”

Section: Watermark Embeddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 3D Printing Model Watermarking Algorithm Based on 3D Slicing and Feature Points

et al. 2018

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Abstract:With the increase of three-dimensional (3D) printing applications in many areas of life, a large amount of 3D printing data is copied, shared, and used several times without any permission from the original providers. Therefore, copyright protection and ownership identification for 3D printing data in communications or commercial transactions are practical issues. This paper presents a novel watermarking algorithm for 3D printing models based on embedding watermark data into the feature points of a 3D printing model. Feature points are determined and computed by the 3D slicing process along the Z axis of a 3D printing model. The watermark data is embedded into a feature point of a 3D printing model by changing the vector length of the feature point in OXY space based on the reference length. The x and y coordinates of the feature point will be then changed according to the changed vector length that has been embedded with a watermark. Experimental results verified that the proposed algorithm is invisible and robust to geometric attacks, such as rotation, scaling, and translation. The proposed algorithm provides a better method than the conventional works, and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is much higher than previous methods.

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“…The feature point , , is changed to , , that is the watermarked feature point after watermark embedding and calculated as shown in Equation (12). …”

Section: Watermark Embeddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, there have been many watermarking methods proposed for 3D mesh models [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, these methods are only useful for the copyright protection of 3D content or visual applications that use 3D content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D Printing Model Watermarking Algorithm Based on 3D Slicing and Feature Points

et al. 2018

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“…Recently, the demand for 3D mesh watermarking has increased due to the emergence of low-cost 3D printers and 3D model sharing platforms such as Thingiverse, Pinshape, and Sketchfab. In spite of various watermarking methods [1,[11][12][13]21,22], mesh watermarking techniques resilient to collusion attack were rarely considered [6,14]. Uccheddu et al [6] proposed anti-collusion watermarking for 3D meshes by pre-warping, which changes the vertices ordering and the associated faces.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collusion Attack Resilient 3D Mesh Watermarking Based on Anti-Collusion Fingerprint Code

Hou

Lee

2018

Applied Sciences

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Collusion attack is one of the techniques used for unauthorized removal of embedded marks. However, there are no algorithms that utilize the averaging-resilient fingerprint code into 3D mesh watermarking. In this paper, we propose a collusion resilient 3D mesh watermark based on mesh spectral analysis and the anti-collusion fingerprint code. We present two fingerprint schemes by exploiting the theoretically proven anti-collusion codes: the group-divisible partially balanced incomplete block design, and Tardos's fingerprint code. The proposed extraction scheme not only met the requirement for an anti-collusion code but also provided sufficient length of the payload for the fingerprint code. To minimize the detection error, we also modeled the response of the detector and herein present optimized thresholds for our method. Based on the experiments with public benchmarks, the proposed method outperformed conventional robust mesh watermarking against collusion attack, and provided robustness to the combination of a small amount of added noise and collusion attack.

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“…Each 3D watermarking technique should ensure a tradeoff between three main constraints [4]: imperceptibility, capacity, and robustness. Imperceptibility is the similarity between the original model and the stego model, while capacity refers to the maximum of bits that can be embedded in the 3D model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blind Robust 3D Mesh Watermarking Based on Mesh Saliency and Wavelet Transform for Copyright Protection

Hamidi

Chetouani

Haziti³

et al. 2019

Information

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Three-dimensional models have been extensively used in several applications including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, medical imaging due to the processing capability improvement of computers, and the development of network bandwidth. Therefore, the necessity of implementing 3D mesh watermarking schemes aiming to protect copyright has increased considerably. In this paper, a blind robust 3D mesh watermarking method based on mesh saliency and wavelet transform for copyright protection is proposed. The watermark is inserted by quantifying the wavelet coefficients using quantization index modulation (QIM) according to the mesh saliency of the 3D semiregular mesh. The synchronizing primitive is the distance between the mesh center and salient points in the descending order. The experimental results show the high imperceptibility of the proposed scheme while ensuring a good robustness against a wide range of attacks including smoothing, additive noise, element reordering, similarity transformations, etc.

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Blind 3D Mesh Watermarking for 3D Printed Model by Analyzing Layering Artifact

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

A 3D Printing Model Watermarking Algorithm Based on 3D Slicing and Feature Points

A 3D Printing Model Watermarking Algorithm Based on 3D Slicing and Feature Points

Collusion Attack Resilient 3D Mesh Watermarking Based on Anti-Collusion Fingerprint Code

Blind Robust 3D Mesh Watermarking Based on Mesh Saliency and Wavelet Transform for Copyright Protection

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